(^18) Holloway,Widening Horizons in English Verse,p.33.
(^19) JosephvonHammer-Purgstall,Mohammed Schemsed-din Hafis. Der Diwan(1812–13),2vols.
(^20) The Works of Lord Byron, Letters and Journals,ed.Prothero,vol.II,p.27.
(^21) For further information on the literary influences of Persian on Byron, see my ‘Byron in Persian
Costume’.
(^22) SirWilliamJones,The Works(1789),I,p.445.
(^23) Ibid.,p.446.
(^24) Ibid.,pp.446–7.
(^25) Ibid,pp.448–50.
(^26) Ibid.,pp.450–1.
(^27) Ibid,p.453.
(^28) Foracompletelistofthese,seemyHafiz, The Master of Persian Poetry.
(^29) SeeBlackstone,‘ByronandIslam:theTripleEros’,pp.325–6.
(^30) The Bride of Abydos,I:5–10,inThe Poetical Works of Lord Byron(1961),p.264.
(^31) Forfurtherdiscussionofthisallegoricalimagery,seemy‘ByroninPersianCostume’,pp.23–6.
(^32) The Giaour,lines943–9and491–7,inThe Poetical Works of Lord Byron,pp.252–64.
(^33) Jones,The Works,V,pp.513–14andp.469.
(^34) Schimmel,A Two-Colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry,p.193.
(^35) Ibid.,p.109.
(^36) SeeShelley,The Letters,ed.Jones,vol.1,pp.343–5.
(^37) See,forexample,Schwab,TheOrientalRenaissance:Europe’sDiscoveryofIndiaandTheEast,p.195;andV.
DeSolaPinto,‘SirWilliamJonesandEnglishLiterature’,pp.686–97.
(^38) Holloway,Widening Horizons in English Verse,p.48.
(^39) Pachori,‘Shelley’s“IndianSerenade”:HafizandSirWilliamJones’,pp.10–26.Thequotationistaken
from p. 19. The Ḥāfiẓian poem in question (Ay muṭrib-i khūshnavā...) is thought to be an apocryphal,
butwasverypopularinIndia.IthasbeentranslatedintoEnglishmanytimes,evenbyrecenttrans-
lators.SeemybookHafiz, Master of Persian Poetry,p.241.
(^40) Shelley,The Complete Works,ed.Peck,volVI:Prose,pp.201–2.
(^41) Quoted in Notopoulos,The Platonism of Shelley: A Study of Platonism and the Poetic Mind, p. 19. Also see
Holmes(ed.),Shelley on Love: Selected Writings.
(^42) Notopoulos,op. cit.,p.105.Spenser’slinesarefromAn Hymn in Honour of Love,II,lines103–5.
(^43) Evans,‘MasksofthePoet:AStudyofSelf-ConfrontationinShelley’sPoetry’,pp.70–107;thequotation
istakenfromp.77.
(^44) Shelley,Prometheus Unbound, verses 16–20, 26–9, 32, 34–6, inThe Complete Poetical Works, ed.
Hutchinson,p.240.
(^45) Jones,The Works,vol.I,p453.[ForthePersianoriginaloftheseverses,seeDīvān-i Ḥāfiẓ,ed.Khānlarī,
ghazal148:1–2.Foradetailedstudyofthiswholeghazal,seethechapterbyLeiliAnvar-Chenderoffin
thisvolume,pp.123–39.Ed.]
(^46) Emerson,Emerson: Complete Works: His Essays, Lectures, Poems, and Orations, I, pp. 71–80. Emerson here
mistakenly assumed this to be a Qur’ānic verse. It is, in fact, the paraphrase of the famousḤadīth
(prophetictradition):‘IwasaHiddenTreasure,Idesiredtobeknown;thereforeIcreatedthecreation
inorderthatImightbeknown.’(QuotedinArberry,Sufism,p.28.)
(^47) ForalistofEmerson’stranslationsfromPersian,seeYohannan,Persian Poetry in England and America,
pp. 299–302. All his translations of Ḥāfiẓ have since been published in Bloom and Kane (eds),Ralph
Waldo Emerson: Collected Poems and Translations,pp.465–90.
(^48) ForhisḤāfiẓtranslations,seemyHafiz, Master of Persian Poetry,p.337.
(^49) Emerson,‘PersianPoetry’,inThe Atlantic Monthly,pp.724–34.Thequotationisonp.724.
(^50) SeeJournals and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson,X,p.165.
(^51) Ibid.,XVI,p.138.
(^52) Yohannan,Persian Poetry in England and America,p.133.
Ḥāfiẓ’s Romantic Imagery and Language of Love 293
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