INDEXSomavamshis (dynasty) 125, 172
Somnath temple 154
Sopara 66
Sopatma 101
South Africa, Gandhi in 265
South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC) 330–2
South India
ancient empires in 64, 67, 69, 82, 84–7,
91–102; ecology 93–4; geopolitics 92–3;
Cholas, Pandyas and Cheras 98–9;
Kharavela of Orissa and Andhra
Shatavahanas 94–8; trade and Roman
connection 99–102
in early middle ages 105–10, 113–17, 127,
136; great merchants 117–20; and
Southeast Asia 148–50
freedom movement and 262
in late middle ages 153, 159–60, 169–83;
Amaranayakas and military feudalism
180–3; Bahmani sultanate 170–2;
Gajapatis of Orissa 172–6; Vijayanagar
empire 176–80
in Mughal empire 192–7, 210, 216, 219
partition and 287
under British 219–20, 233, 245–68; see
also Bombay; Madras
see also Deccan
Southeast Asia
in ancient empires 64, 77, 80, 85, 88,
100–1
in early middle ages 112–13, 114, 116–18,
143–51; Buddhist monks, contribution
of 147–8; cultural borrowings, dynamics
of 144–7; Islam, impact of 151; South
India and 148–50; theories of transmission
of Indian culture 143–4
Japan conquers 278, 280–1
Vietnam/Indochina war 320, 328–9
Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation
(SEATO) 320
Soviet Union
Afghanistan invaded 329–30
China and 325
Pakistan and 324–5
republic and 300, 318–21, 323, 326, 328,
331
spice trade 151, 198–9, 202–3
spies
in ancient empires 60–1, 67
in middle ages 127, 162–3
Sravasti 50
Sri Lanka 153
and ancient empires 63–4, 83, 85, 97–8,
100
in early middle ages 108–9, 115–16, 147,
150
and republic 313, 330–1
Sringeri monastery 176–7
Srirangam 136, 139, 160
Stalin, J. 319–20
States Reorganisation Commission 301
states, reorganisation under republic 300–2
Stein, Burton 182
Strabo (Greek geographer) 70, 100
stupas 51, 68, 76
Sudasa 35–6
Suez Canal 248, 252
Suffren, Admiral 220
Sufism 190
Suhrawardy, H. 289
Sulayman (Muslim historian) 153
Suleiman Kanuni (Ottoman sultan) 188
Sumatra 115, 117–18, 147–51
Sumerian-Elamites (people) 77
Sun, royal lineage from 110
Sundaramurti (saint) 132–3
Supatama 101
supremacy, struggle of Mughals and
Europeans for 210–23
Surasena 49
Surat 193, 207–8, 263
Surkh-Kotal 77–8
Surya (sun god) 88
suryavamsa 110
Suryavamshis (dynasty) 170, 174
Suryavarman I (king of Angkor) 116
Suryavarman II (king of Angkor) 117
Sutkagen Dor (prehistoric Site) 18
Sutras (texts) 34
Suvarnadvipa 148
Suvarnagiri 65–6
‘Swaraj in one year’ 267–9
Swaraj Party 270
Swatantra Party 299
Syed Ahmad Khan, Sir 245
Syria 63, 184Tagore, Dwarkanath (entrepreneur) 232
Taila (king of Chalukyas) 108–9
Takuapa 116, 118
Takla Makan desert 321
Talikota, battle of 180, 192
Tambapani (Sri Lanka) 63
Tamil language 15, 93, 98–9, 117–18, 144,
246
Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC) 316
Tamil Nadu 301, 316, 318, 334
in early middle ages 105, 118, 132, 139,
148
Tamil Tigers 313, 331
Tamil Veda’ 132
Tandon, Purushottamdas 297
Tanjore 106, 116, 175, 194; temple 129
Tantric Buddhism 52, 112, 148, 150
Tara (goddess) 149