IVOTES, BOOh7 211. 6. I21
ah' bov ri, roioGrou LT~LKCK~U~~~VOV iariv, hirqs xdprv rtv UUVOL- 5. 9.
rou'vzwv Iuriv.
roro;so~=~i, pi pcri'xciu SGV ripGv, i. e. the exclusion from office
of certain classes is concealed in order to deceive the excluded
persons. The reference is not to such cases as that of the^5000
at Athens, whose names were concealed for a political purpose
(Thuc. viii. 92) ; but more probably to such deceptions as those of
\y]>ich Aristotle speaks in iv. 12. 4 6 and c. 13 lvhereby the poor,
though nominally citizens, were really deprived of their privilcges
because they had no leisure to exercise them. The intention was
to trick them, but they were not dissntisfied; for they did not find
out the trick. The English translation is defective, and should
have run, 'the object is that the privileged class may deceive their
fellow-citizens.'
Another way of explaining the passage is to placc an cniphasis
on TGV vuvoiKoI;vrw, which is taken in the sense of ' fello\v-colonists ':
'the intention is to attract settlers by deceiving them into the belief
that they )vi11 become citizens, when the rights of citizenship are
really n.ithheld from them.' (For examples of fraud practised by
colonists on strangers or felloiv settlers, see v. 3. $Q 11-13.) But
the xords refer to states generally and not merely to colonics.K;KF;VOS. 6. IO.
SC. 6 duip dya& Kal Irohlrqs avou8a;or l;v. In his later edition
Bdiker reads K~K~U~S, a correction of one hE. A!l the rest, and
the old translator, read &&os. With either reading the meaning
of the passage is much the same. ' Even where the virtues of the
good man and the good citizen coincide (i. e. in the perfect state), it
is not the virtue of every citizen which is the same as that of the
good man, but only that of the statesman and ruler.' KdKCbos=Kai
%P iya6'br K.T.X. : K~K&?S=& 5 6 dvip iya8br w.7.h.bL 82 rohiscia.. IroXirsiau iri'pau chi ro6rov.
Lit. ' The state [xoX~~] is the ordering of the po--ers of a state,
and especially of the supreme power. The government [rroXk~pa]
is this supreme power, and the state or constitution (4 IroXirda subj.)
IS what the government is. In democracies, for example, the
People are the ruling power, in oligarchies the few. Accordingly
- I, 2.