h’OTE.7, BOOK 1’. I I. 227
6 6’ &pos oxdbu F‘( havrias ;~CI rois dp~pivors r$v irrplpr’htmv. 11. 17.
Literally, ‘the other manner of preserving a tyranny takes pains,’
i e. qrorks, ‘ from an opposite direction.’$whdnovra pdvov T$V ~~VO~IU.... roiro p& Qmfp CrdhLv 6r; 11.18, I 9.
pivslv, rh 8 ;hXa rh piv no& rh 62 8oKciv Lxo~pplv(;p~vov rh j3ndirtbv
KOhGS.
Compare hlachiavelli, who in his ‘ Prince ’ goes much farther
thnn Aristotle in preaching the doctrine of ‘ doing evil that good
may come ’ and of ‘keeping up appearances ’ and of ‘ fear to be
preferred to love.’ ‘Let it be the Prince’s chief care to maintain
his authority ; the means he employs, be they what they may, will
for this purpose always appear honourable and meet applause ; for
the vulgar are ever caught by appearances and judge only by the
event.’ (c. 18, Bohn’s Translation, p. 461.) Again ‘A prince
ought to be very sparing of his own or of his subjects’ property.’...
- To support the reputation of liberality, he will often be reduced
to the necessity of levying taxes on his subjects and adopting every
species of fiscal resource, which cannot fail to make him odious.’
(c. 16. pp. 454, 453.) And for much of what follows, infra $6 20,
25: ‘He should make it a rule above all things never to utter any-
thing which does not breathe of kindness, justice, good faith and
piety; this last quality it is most important for him to appear to
pcssess, for men judge more from appearances than from reality.’
jib.) Again, cp. $$ 22, 23 with Machiavelli c. 19. p. 462: ‘Nothing
in my opinion renders a prince so odious as the violation of the
rights of property and disregard to the honour of married wornen.
Subjects will live contentedly enough under a prince who neither
invades their property nor their honour, and then he will only have to
contend against the pretensions of a few ambitious persons whom
he can easily find means to restrain. A prince whose conduct is
light, inconstant, pusillanimous, irresolute and effeminate is sure to
be despised-these defects he ought to shun as he would SO many
rocks and endeavour to display a character for courage, gravity,
Like Aristotle he
advises that princes should practise economy and not overcharge
the People with taxes; they should give festivals and shows at
QZ
and magnificence in all his actions.’