SI12 SUBJECT INDEX
Motivational enhancement
therapy, 425–426
for eating disorders, 464
for personality disorders, 580
for schizophrenia, 560
Motivational interviewing,
425–426
Motor coordination
in autism spectrum disorders,
638
in schizophrenia, 544
Motor neurons, 38
Motor symptoms, in conversion
disorder, 360
Movement
clinical assessment of, 95
involuntary, 544, 556–557, 739
MRI.See Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)
MRS.See Magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (MRS)
Multiple personality disorder.
See Dissociative identity
disorder (DID)
Multisystemic therapy, 668
Multitasking, 684
Muscle relaxation, 124, 258, 261
Muscle wasting, 439
Myelin sheath, 39, 39f° N °
Naloxone, 423
Naltrexone, 423
Namenda, 711
Napolis, Diana, 531
Narcissistic personality disorder,
106, 610–612
Narcolepsy, 392
Narcotic analgesics, 412–413,
416
treatment of abuse of, 423–424,
424t
Narcotics Anonymous (NA),
140, 427–428, 429
Nardil, 209
National Alliance for the
Mentally Ill, 77
Natural environment phobias,
290
Needle exchange programs, 421
Needle sharing, 393
Nefazodone, 286
Negative automatic thoughts,
129–130, 226, 451, 576
Negative correlation, 161, 161f
Negative punishment, 51, 51t
Negative reinforcement, 50, 51t,
452
Negative symptoms, 520,
523–524, 549
Negative triad of depression,
203
Neodissociation theory,
336–337
Neologisms, 523
Nervios, 145
Nervous system, 35–37Neurasthenia, 16
Neurocognitive remediation,
559–560
Neurofi brillary tangles, 706
Neuroimaging techniques,
90–94.See also specifi c
techniques
on attention-defi cit/
hyperactivity disorder,
661
on eating disorders, 449
limitations of, 169–170
Neuroleptic medications, 113
Neurological factors, 33, 34–48
assessment of, 89–94
in autism spectrum disorders,
638–639
for the Beales, 33–34
in bipolar disorders,
224–225, 228–229
in body dysmorphic disorder,
372
in conversion disorder,
363–364
in depersonalization disorder,
341
with depressants, 407–410
in depressive disorders,
199–203
in disruptive behavior and
attention disorders,
660–662
in dissociative amnesia,
335–336
in dissociative fugue, 339
in dissociative identity
disorder, 345–347, 349
in eating disorders, 448–450,
463–464
emotion and, 57–59
in gender identity disorder,
478, 480
in generalized anxiety
disorder, 254–256,
257–258
in hypochondriasis, 367–368
in learning disorders,
644–646
in mental retardation,
628–629
in obsessive-compulsive
disorder, 302–304, 308
in panic disorder, 268–269,
273
in paraphilias, 491
in personality disorders, 574,
579, 588, 595–596,
602–603
in posttraumatic stress
disorder, 317–319, 323
research on, 169–170
in schizophrenia, 541–547,
556–559
in sexual dysfunctions,
505–506, 510–511
in social phobia, 281–282,
286in somatization disorder, 357
in somatoform disorders, 353
in specifi c phobias, 292–293,
296
in substance use disorders,
395–399, 407–410,
416–417
in suicide, 236, 241
treatment targeting, 110t,
111–117, 175–177
in younger and older
populations, 116–117
Neuromodulators, 40–41,
111–113
Neurons, 36–37, 38–42, 39f.
See also Brain structure and
function
abnormal communications
among, 41–42
cell migration, 543
Neurontin, 228
Neuropsychological testing,
93–94, 99
Neuropsychosocial approach,
28–29, 28f, 33–69
neurological factors in,
34–48
psychological factors in,
48–60
social factors in, 60–67
Neuroses, 19
Neurosurgery, 115, 308
Neuroticism, 49f, 453
Neurotransmitters, 26. See also
specifi c neurotransmitters
chemical receptors and, 41
in chemical signaling, 39–41
defi nition of, 40
in depressive disorders, 200–201
hormones, 42
medication effects on, 111–113
neuroimaging of, 92–93
social phobia and, 281–282
Neurotransmitter substances,
40
Nicotine, 388, 395, 401
treatment of use of, 424t
Nicotine replacement therapy,
422
Nicotinic receptor, 399
Nocturnal panic attacks, 263,
271
Noncompliance, 558
Noradrenaline.See
Norepinephrine
Noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitors, 113, 666
Noradrenergic and specifi c
serotonergic antidepressants
(NaSSAs), 211
Norepinephrine, 41
in attention-defi cit/
hyperactivity disorder,
661
in bipolar disorders, 225
in depersonalization disorder,
341in depressive disorders,
200–201
in generalized anxiety
disorder, 255
in panic disorder, 268–269
in posttraumatic stress
disorder, 317, 318–319
in social phobia, 286
in specifi c phobias, 293
Norms, substance use disorders
and, 402, 411
Not guilty by reason of insanity
(NGBI), 722
Not otherwise specifi ed (NOS),
84
dissociative disorder, 334
eating disorders, 442,
446–447, 460
personality disorders, 573
Novelty seeking, 59, 321
Nucleus, 38
Nucleus accumbens, 37, 37f
Nutrition, 469
alcoholism and, 408
eating disorders and, 463
malnutrition, 106
in mental retardation, 630
in schizophrenia, 542–543° O °
Objectifi cation theory, 458–460
Observation
behaviorism on, 23
in clinical interviews, 95–96
Observational learning, 53
in disruptive behavior, 667
in eating disorders, 455–456
in somatization disorder,
358–359
in specifi c phobias, 294
in substance use disorder,
399–400
in substance use disorders,
389, 399–400, 410
Obsessions, 299. See also
Obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD), 299–311
anorexia and, 439
basal ganglia in, 37
behavior therapy for,
124–125
case study research on, 163
defi nition of, 299–301
diagnostic criteria for, 300
feedback loops in, 306–307,
307f, 309–310, 310f
fi xations in, 19
genetic factors in, 368
hypochondriasis and,
367–368
impulsivity in, 386
neurological factors in,
302–304, 308
neurosurgery for, 115