Arabic: An Essential Grammar

( َوُه ) اَم

1

ه ُبَبَس

ا

ِهِذ

2

ه اَنِتَلِكْشُم ُبَبَس ؟ِةَلِكْشُمـْل

ا

ِهِذ

3

ُهَل َسْيَلَو ٌد َّ قَعُم

4

. ٌريِسْفَت

(10) ma ̄ (huwa) sababu ha ̄d

̄

ihi l-musˇkilati? sababu musˇkilati-na ̄ ha ̄d

̄

ihi

mu



aqqadun wa-laysa la-hu tafsı-run.

What is

1

the reason for this

2

problem? The reason for this problem of

ours is

3

complicated and has no

4

explanation.

ه

ا

ِءَلاُؤ

1

َكِئلوُأَو َنو ُدِعاَقَتُمـْل

2

( ٌّ باَش ).s ُباَب َّ شل

3

َنوُرِفاَسُم

4

يِف اًعَم

5

ِسْفَن

6

. ِراَطِقْل

(11) ha ̄

ula ̄

i l-mutaqa ̄



idu ̄na wa-

u ̄la ̄

ika sˇ-sˇaba ̄bu (sˇa ̄bbun) musa ̄firu ̄na ma



an

fı- nafsi l-qit

̇

a ̄ri.

These

1

retired persons and those

2

youths are

3

travelling

4

together on

5

the same

6

train.

ُتْلَكَأ

1

يِف ِسْمَأ

2

َكْلِت ىَلَع ٍمَعْطَم

3

(^) َّ مُث ِة لََّّ تل
4
ذ ىَلِإ ُتْلَزَن
ا
َكِل
5
يِداَوْل
6

. ِديِعَبْل

(12)

akaltu

amsi fı

• mat
  ̇



amin



ala ̄ tilka t-tallati t

̄

umma nazaltu

ila ̄ d

̄

a ̄lika

l-wa ̄dı

• l-ba



ı

• di.
  1
  Yesterday I ate in
  2
  a restaurant on that
  3
  hill, then
  4
  I went down to that
  6
  distant
  5
  valley.

ه

ا

َذ

1

ُسوُماَقْل

2

ًاّدِج ٌميِدَق

3

ٌق َّ زَمُمَو

4

هِلَو

ا

اَذ

5

َوُهَف

6

ُبْعَص

7

. ِلاَمْعِتْسِْلا

(13) ha ̄d

̄

a ̄ l-qa ̄mu ̄su qadı-mun g ̆iddan wa-mumazzaqun wa-li-ha ̄d

̄

a ̄ fa-huwa

s

̇

a



bu l-isti



ma ̄li.

This

1

dictionary is very

2

old

3

and torn,

4

and therefore

5

it is

6

difficult

7

to

use.

1

ذ يِف ِنْيَتْنِبْل ِنْيَتاَه َعَم ُتْسَلَج

ا

َكِل

2

ىَهْقَمـْل

3

. يِلاَغْل

(14) g ̆alastu ma



a ha ̄tayni l-bintayni fı

• d
  ̄

a ̄lika l-maqha ̄ l-g ̇a ̄lı

• .
  1
  I sat in that
  3
  expensive
  2
  coffee shop with these two girls.

ُلُج َّرلاَ

1

ُحيِبَقْل

2

ذىَلَعُسِلاَجـْل

ا

َكِل

3

َوُه َ ّيِسْرُكْل

4

ٌبا َّذَك

5

ُليِوَطَو

6

. ِّناَسَ لل

(15)

ar-rag ̆ulu l-qabı

• h
  ̇

u l-g ̆a ̄lisu



ala ̄ d

̄

a ̄lika l-kursiyyi huwa kad

̄

d

̄

a ̄bun wa-

t

̇

awı

• lu l-lisa ̄ni.
  1
  The ugly man
  2
  sitting on that
  3
  chair is
  4
  a liar and
  5,6
  talks too much (lit.

has

5

a long

6

tongue).

104

Demon-

strative,

reflexive

and

reciprocal

pronouns