Index 309Bar phantom, 122–123
Barium fluoride detector, 82–83
Becquerel (Bq), 26, 302
Beta (b−) particle, 15
average energy of, 15
decay, 15
energy spectrum of, 16
range of, 58–59
Binding energy, 5–8, 302
of electron, 5
nuclear, 7–8
Bioassay, 279–280
Biological half-life, 25, 303
Bismuth germanate (BGO) detector,
82–83, 183
Bit, 139
Block detectors in PET, 184
Bragg ionization peak, 57
Brehmsstrahlung, 60, 303
Byte, 140
C
(^11) C (Carbon-11), 48
Cadmium-zinc-tellurium detector, 85
Calibration
of dose calibrator, 75–77
of high voltage or energy, in well
counter, 101–102
of survey instruments, 287
of sources, 286
Carcinogenesis by radiation, 249–253
breast cancer, 253
dose-response relationship, 251–253
leukemia, 252–253
other cancers, 253
risk estimate, 252
Carrier, 45, 303
Carrier-free, 45, 303
Cataractogenesis, 255
Caution signs and labels, 272–273
Cell survival curve, 238–245
Do, 239–240
Dq, 239–240
effects of dose rate on, 241
effects of LET of radiations on, 242
effects of radioprotectors on,
244–245
effects of radiosensitizers on,
242–244
effects of stage of cell cycle, 245
extrapolation number n, 239
oxygen effect on, 242–244
Cells, 226–229
chromosome, 226
composition of, 226
cytoplasm, 226
DNA synthesis, 228
gene, 226
meiosis, 228
mitosis, 228
nucleus, 226
survival curve, 238–245
Center of rotation in SPECT, 175–176,
178–179
Central processing unit (CPU),
140–141
Cerebrovascular syndrome, 248–249
Cesium iodide (Cs(Tl) detector, 85
Chain reaction, nuclear, 46
Characteristic x rays, 14, 90–91
peaks, 90–91
Chart of the nuclides, 9
Chi-square test, 39–41
Chromosome aberration
acentric fragment, 231–234
deletion, 234–235
dicentric fragment, 231–234
inversion, 234–235
restitution, 231
translocation, 234
Chromosome in cells, 226
Coincidence circuit in liquid
scintillation, 93
Coincidence detection in PET, 182–188
Collective effective dose in radiation
biology, 259
Collimators, 111–112, 303
converging, 111
diverging, 111
efficiency of, 128–129, 303
fan beam, 112
holes, 111
parallel hole, 111
pinhole, 111
resolution of, 119, 303
septal thickness, 120–121
for thyroid probe, 104
Color quenching, 94