(P, Book 16, frr. 29 – 34), and made a free city by Rome (Livy 33.30). PECS 5, G.E.
Bean; OCD3 1 – 2, St. Mitchell; BAGRW 51-G4; BNP 1 (2002) 38 (#1), E. Schwertheim.
(Contrast the Egyptian homonym, BAGRW 77-F4.)
A, I.
Africa: the northern portion of the modern African continent excepting Egypt, i.e., the
coastal region from the western edge of the Nile Delta to Cape Delgado; later the Roman
province Africa (initially approximately modern Tunisia and eastern coastal Algeria, later
expanded eastwards and westwards), whose capital was Utica. Sometimes distinguished
from, or at other times including, Libya and Mauretania. Taken by the Vandals 430 CE;
retaken by Belisarius for Buzantion 534 CE. OCD3 33, J.M. Reynolds; BNP 1 (2002) 291–
300, W. Huß et al.
Sites: Auzia, Caesarea (Mauretania), Carthage, Cirta, Hippo Regius, Kure ̄ne ̄,
Madaurus, Sicca Veneria, Utica.
People: M V, M (?), M, M/M (?),
P, M A T (?).
Agurion (mod. Agira; 37 ̊ 39 ’ N, 14 ̊ 31 ’ E): inland city of Sicily west of Centuripae,
much built up by Timoleo ̄n ca 335 BCE. PECS 18 – 19, M. Bell; BAGRW 47-F3; BNP 1 (2002)
398, G. Makris.
D.
% Aigai (mod. Yuntdag ̆ıköseler; 38 ̊ 51 ’ N, 27 ̊ 12 ’ E): east of Kume ̄ and south of
Pergamon, which controlled Aigai from 218 BCE; ravaged by Prousias II (ca 155 BCE).
PECS 19, G.E. Bean; OCD3 16, N.G.L. Hammond; BAGRW 56-E4. Several homonymous
sites exist, cf. S B, s.v., from one of which Dionusios may have come:
esp. (A) in Macedon (mod. Vergina, BAGRW 50-B4, small after 168 BCE; gone after 1st c.
CE); (B) on Euboia (mod. Politika Kafkala, BAGRW 55-F3); (C) the Peloponnesian Aigai
(mod. Akrata, BAGRW 58-C1); and (D) Aigai of Kilikia, mod. Yumurtalık, BAGRW 67-B3).
D (?), P.
Aigina (mod. Aigina; 37 ̊ 45 ’ N, 23 ̊ 20 ’ E): island, maritime trade center (whose monetary
and metrological system were standards in commerce) in the 7th–6th cc. BCE; opposed
and finally overwhelmed by neighboring Athens 488 – 431 BCE. Prosperous from Hellenistic
to early Byzantine times. PECS 19 – 21, B. Conticello; OCD3 17, S. Hornblower; BAGRW
58-E2; BNP 1 (2002) 192–194, H. Kalcyk.
P, P.
Aizanoi (mod. Çavdarhisar; 39 ̊ 12 ’ N, 29 ̊ 37 ’ E): well east of Pergamon, and well south
of Prousias, in Phrugia; 184 BCE taken by Eumene ̄s II of Pergamon (from Prousias I of
Bithunia); then under Rome from 133 BCE. Prosperous esp. in the 2nd c. CE. Strabo ̄n
12.8.11; RE 1.1 (1893) 1131–1132, G. Hirschfeld; PECS 16, R. Naumann; BAGRW 62-C3.
A.
Akhmim ⇒ Pano ̄polis
Akragas (mod. Agrigento; 37 ̊ 19 ’ N, 13 ̊ 35 ’ E): founded on south-west coast of Sicily
ca 582 BCE from Gela, prosperous and democratic in the 5th c. BCE; sacked by Carthage
in 406 BCE. Restored by Timoleo ̄n ca 335 BCE; taken by Rome in 210 BCE, who enslaved
the population, and resettled the city ca 195 BCE with Sicani. Plundered by Verres, 73– 71
BCE. PECS 23 – 26, P. Orlandini; OCD3 9, A.G. Woodhead and R.J.A. Wilson; BAGRW
47-D4; BNP 1 (2002) 110–111, G. Manganaro.
GAZETTEER