Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

Index 1253

household goods 565 laws and legal codes 626 military 731 ships and shipbuilding 979 funeral off erings 313. See also mortuary goods funerals death and burial practices 313 –315, 319 family 457 funeral societies 320 funerary mask 97 funerary rituals 862 fur 279 furniture craft s 285, 288–290 household goods 561–563, 567, 568, 571

G gagum 1021 galena 743 Galen of Pergamum health and disease 553, 554, 559 pandemics and epidem- ics 827 science 942 Galilee, Sea of 245 Gallic Empire 416–417 Gallic Wars (Caesar). See Commentarii de bello Gallico Gallus, Sulpicius 132 gambling scandals and corruption 913 sports and recreation 1051, 1052 games 1047–1050, 1052, 1056–1058 Ganges River 248 Garamantes people 690–691 garlands craft s 290 occupations 812 garum agriculture 45 cities 220 economy 362 food and diet 481 gaslights 587 gastraphetes 601 gates 217 gauen 526 Gauls adornment 10, 11 calendars and clocks 169, 170 children 194 climate and geography 263–264 clothing and footwear 278 education 382 language 615

literature 653–654 migration and population movements 716 resistance and dissent 875 slaves and slavery 990 social organization 1029 war and conquest 1151 gems art 118 mining, quarrying, and salt making 746 gender structures and roles 493–507 Africa 494–495, 573 Americas 503–504 Asia and the Pacifi c 497– 498, 505–506 Egypt 495–496 Europe 498–499 Greece 500–501, 500f, 506 Middle East 496–497, 504 Rome 501–503 genealogy literature 640 social organization 1032 generals government organization 529 social organization 1030 war and conquest 1144, 1152–1153 genetics 551 genos 222 Gentiles 486 geoglyphs 122 geography. See also climate and geography agriculture 37 migration and population movements 690, 702 science 939, 945 settlement patterns 962, 963, 970–971 transportation 1120 Geography (Ptolemy) exploration 443 science 945 Geography of Strabo, Th e (Strabo) 269–270 geology 933, 946 Geometric Period (Greece) art 110 storage and preservation 1068 geometry numbers and counting 803, 804 science 948 Georgics (Virgil) 133 Germania (Tacitus) migration and population movements 723 scandals and corruption 914 social organization 1030

Germanic languages 1188, 1189 Germanic tribes borders and frontiers 145 –14 6 craft s 291–292 crime and punishment 301–302 education 382 empires and dynasties 408 festivals 467 gender structures and roles 499 government organization 525–526 laws and legal codes 627 literature 653, 655 migration and population movements 709–710 numbers and counting 803 religion and cosmology 851–853 Germany climate and geography 264 clothing and footwear 278, 279 family 453, 454 resistance and dissent 875–876 scandals and corruption 914–915 slaves and slavery 991 social collapse and aban- donment 1005 social organization 1028, 1030–1031 war and conquest 1143– 1145 gerontocracy 1014 gerousia 530 gesso 563 Ghana crime and punishment 297 economy 345 Ghats mountain ranges building techniques and materials 156 climate and geography 248 Gibraltar, Straits of 442 gift exchange economy 350 trade and exchange 1098 gift s, diplomatic 1098, 1099 Gilgamesh (king of Uruk). See also Epic of Gilgamesh art 99 cities 212 death and burial practices 315 empires and dynasties 397 exploration 438 religion and cosmology 841 war and conquest 1131

gimbals 933 Gipar 213 girdles 274 girls clothing and footwear 274, 281 education 375, 377–379, 381–384 family 456 social organization 1026 Glacial Kame burial site 119 glaciers climate and geography 249, 255 exploration 445–446 migration and population movements 719–720 gladiators slaves and slavery 993 sports and recreation 1053, 1055, 1056f glass art 88, 97 craft s 287–289, 292, 294 employment and labor 428 household goods 562, 569 inventions 595, 597 glassblowing art 118 craft s 294 inventions 597 glazing (lead) 597 glyphic writing 386 gnomons calendars and clocks 167, 171 science 933 seafaring and navigation 954 goat hair 1077 goatherds 257 goats agriculture 18, 26, 38 nomadic and pastoral societies 788 goblets 562 gods/goddesses agriculture 40, 46 art 122 astronomy 126 crime and punishment 297 festivals 465 government organization 515 religion and cosmology 846–847, 851, 856–861, 864–865 sacred sites 899–900 Goidelic languages 616 gold adornment 6, 7, 9, 12f, 14 art 93, 96, 108, 118 climate and geography 243–244, 256 craft s 295

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Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Ancient World

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