INDEX 528
Newton’s third law of action and reaction,
488 , 489 , 498
Nonexpansion work, 135 , 145
Normal
boiling point, 204
melting point, 42 , 204
Optical pyrometer, 45
Osmosis, 373
Osmotic coefficient, 265 , 381
evaluation, 269
of a mean ionic activity coefficient,
299
Osmotic membrane equilibrium, 395
Osmotic pressure, 49 , 373 , 375 , 381 , 395
to evaluate solvent chemical potential,
372 – 374
van’t Hoff’s equation for, 381
Paddle wheel, 60
Joule, 84 – 86 , 103
Partial
specific quantity, 234
specific volume, 234
Partial derivative, 479
expressions at constantT,p, andV,
176 – 179
Partial molar
enthalpy, 248
in an ideal gas mixture, 241
relative, of a solute, 329
relative, of the solvent, 328
of a solute in an ideal-dilute solution,
256
entropy, 248
in an ideal gas mixture, 241
of a solute in an ideal-dilute solution,
256
Gibbs energy, 142
heat capacity at constant pressure, 248
internal energy, 248
quantity, 225
of a gas mixture constituent, 244
in general, 233
general relations, 237 – 238
in an ideal mixture, 248
in an ideal-dilute solution, 255 – 256
volume, 226 – 228 , 248
in an ideal gas mixture, 241
interpretation, 227
negative value of, 227
Partial pressure, 239
in an ideal gas mixture, 239
Partition coefficient, 394
Pascal (unit), 39
Path, 50
Path function, 52 , 61
Peritectic point, 429
Perpetual motion of the second kind, 103 n
Phase, 30
anisotropic, 30 , 74
boundary, 200
coexistence, 31
homogeneous, 30
isotropic, 30
rule,seeGibbs phase rule
separation of a liquid mixture, 310 – 312 ,
391 , 430
transition, 31
equilibrium, 32 , 69 , 151 , 344
Phase diagram
for a binary liquid–gas system, 432
for a binary liquid–liquid system, 430
for a binary solid–gas system, 436
for a binary solid–liquid system, 426
for a binary system, 425
at high pressure, 439
of a pure substance, 199
for a ternary system, 441
Physical constants, values of, 471
Physical quantities, symbols for, 472 – 475
Physical state, 30
symbols for, 476
Pitzer, Kenneth, 271
Plait point, 443
Planck, Max, 102 , 104 , 116 b
Plasma, 32
Plastic deformation, 36
Plimsoll mark, 181
Potential
chemical, 136
electric, 452
energy, 490
function, 489
standard cell, 461 , 462
evaluation of, 464
thermodynamic, 134
Potentiometer to measure equilibrium cell
potential, 454
Poynting factor, 399
Prefixes, 21
Pressure
changes, isothermal, 180 – 181
of a condensed phase, 180