304 ■ INDEX
Stren, Richard, 282–83
Stupka, R., 280
subsidies
housing, 113
included in pricing instruments, 103–4,
121 n 5
in transport sector, 103–4, 107, 138
Sugar, L., 280
Sundance Summit, 165
sustainable development, 11
Szalachman, Raquel, 287
T
Tacoli, Cecilia, 284
Tantinimitkul, Chawalit, 283
technology
and DRT systems, 278–79
low-carbon, 102
temperatures, 258
conclusions concerning infl uence of on
environment, 190
and consumer preferences in France, 285
and description of use of HadRM3 model,
176–78
impact of anthropogenic heat release on,
184–85
impact of climate change on modeled
urban and nonurban temperatures,
180, 181–84
impacts of, 199–202
interior, 175
in select cities and regions, 64, 81n10,
195–99
validation of HadRM3 modeled temps,
179–80
Th anh, Tran, 281
tier concept, 26
Tillie, Nico, 275
top-down approach for estimating emissions,
57
top-down strategies, 206–7, 225
Toronto, adaptation to climate change in,
281
Torrie-Smith Associates, 15
total yields gas approach, 33
transboundary urban activities, 256
transnational municipal networks, 125
transport sector, 5, 6, 66, 71, 80, 261–62
Argentina, 278
carbon-based investments in, 102, 105–8
China, 138, 139, 144–45, 148–49
comparative analysis of emissions
accounting for, 59
comparative analysis of emission sources
from, 62–63
comparison of emission mitigation
measures for, 72–76
enabling modes, 140–41
energy associated with, 37
and GHG emissions, 135–36
consumers’ demand for transport,
99–101, 121n 3
disaggregating commuting trips by
mode, 93–99
link to mobility and cities’ economies,
91–92, 121n 2
overview, 88–91, 121n 1
sources of, 92–93
Hong Kong, 138–39, 140
lessons learned from case studies on,
150–51
and mobility, 91–92, 119, 121n 2
and modes of governing climate change,
147–48
Mumbai, 117–19
New York City, 114–15, 118–19, 122n 6
partnerships in, 141
policies concerning, 7–8
provision modes, 138–40
regulation of, 137–38
relationship of mitigation plans and
inventories of emissions, 76, 77f3.1
role of intelligent systems in DRT,
278–79
self-governance of, 136–37
Singapore, 115–17, 118–19
transit-fare subsidies, 103–4, 107
urban spatial structures and transport
mode, 108–14
See also public transport
travel time, by transport mode, 101
triangulation of program results, 249
tropical climate, 64U
UHI. See urban heat island (UHI)
UNFCCC. See United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
United Kingdom, 144, 271–72
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC), 25, 48, 49,