political science

elections: (cont.)
inclusion and
coalition-building 169 – 71
proportional representation 169
run-oVelections 167
and reelection rates 444
home styles 465 – 6
and retrospective voting 566
see alsoelectoral systems; proportional
representation
electoral college, and United States
Constitution 198
electoral systems:
and Afghanistan 437 – 9
and changing 584 – 5
electoral law 591 – 2
obstacles to 588
reasons for 589 – 91
role of popular pressure 590
role of self-interest 590 – 1
role of values 589
uncertainty over impact of 586 – 8
uncertainty over party numbers 585
uncertainty over voter preferences 586
and coordination problems 587
as distributional institution 580 – 1
and Duverger’s Law 579 – 80 , 581 – 4
and electoral thresholds 584
and functions of 579
and future research 593 – 4
and governability 582 , 583
and importance of choice of 580
and Iraq 436 – 7
and political parties 581
choices by 584
and representation 583 , 589 – 90
and stability of 584 – 5 , 593
and voter/representative relationship 581
see alsoelections; proportional
representation
electorate, and structured institutions 28 ,
29 – 30
elites:
and institutional change 45 – 8 , 164
and institutional pluralism 311 – 12

enforcement problems:

and internationalWnancial

institutions 670 – 1

and trade institutions 662 , 664 – 5

entrapment, and

inclusion-and-exclusion 165

epiphenomenalism, and Marxist

approaches to the state 116

equality, and liberalism 697

equilibrium patterns:

and interpretation of institutions 25 – 6

and unstructured institutions 28

equivalence, and network analysis 79

Ethiopia 266

ethnic cleansing 183

ethnicity:

and descriptive and substantive

representation 168

and electoral coalition-building 169 – 71

and federalism 265

and inclusion-and-exclusion 165

African-Americans 177 – 82

and welfare state 389 – 91

see alsoinclusion-and-exclusion

ethnography 104

European Coal and Steel Community 623

European Court of Human Rights 552

European Court of Justice 552 , 624 – 5

European Defence Community 623

European Parliament 448 , 471

European Union 616

and creation of common identities 9 – 10

and democratic legitimacy 625 , 628 , 630

and federalism 256 – 7

and governance systems 624 – 5

as integrated organization 616 – 17

and legal powers of 618

as multifunctional organization 617 ,

623 – 4

and regulation 426

and sovereignty pooling 619 – 20 , 625

exchange relationships, and networks 77

exclusion,seeinclusion-and-exclusion

executive agencies, and economic

institutions 157

790 subject index