and parliamentary government:
growth in advisers 335
plurality of policy advice 335
politicization of civil service 335 – 6
and presidency (USA):
centralization of authority 309 – 11
policy inXuence 314 – 17
public appeals 311 – 14
policy networks:
and interorganizational analysis 291
and network institutionalism 80 – 1
policy performance, and constitution
type 228 – 9
policy voting,seedirect democracy
political culture:
and concept of 702
and networks 85
political dynamics, and territorial
politics 286 – 8
political entrepreneurs 31
political institutions,seeinstitutions;
international political institutions
political mobilization, and networks 83 – 4
political parties:
and accountability 563
multiparty system 561 – 3
two-party system 560 – 1
and classiWcation of constitutions 224 – 5
and competitive elections 559 – 60
and Congressional systems 457 – 8
and democracy 557 , 563 , 574 – 5 , 581
and direct democracy 599 – 600 , 609
impact of 602 – 4
and Duverger’s Law 580 , 581 – 4
and eVective number of parties 574
and electoral rules 222 – 3
and electoral systems 581
changes to 585
choice of 584
and elite-centered approaches 47 – 8
and evolution of 747
and executive-legislative relations 355 – 6
and extremism of activists 571 , 574
as generators of oYce-holders 574
and government formation 227
as institutions 558 – 9
created by political actors 558 – 9
endogenous nature of 559
party-as-organization 558
party-in-government 558
party-in-the-electorate 558
in legislatures:
multiparty parliaments 571 – 3
party voting in US Congress 568 – 71
and legislatures, decisiveness 446 , 447 – 8
and parliamentary government 457 – 8
and parliamentary regimes 218
and partisanship in legislatures:
behavioral foundations of 463 – 6
consequences of changes in 470 – 2
explaining changes in 466 – 70
institutional inXuences on 458 – 62
and party government:
role of British constitution 707 – 9
United Kingdom 705 – 6
United States 706 – 7
and party identiWcation 563 – 8
aVect-centered view of 564
cognitive-based view of 564 – 5
comparative application of 566 – 7
ideology 565
parties as choice/assessment 566 – 8
as property of voters 565 – 6
as ‘‘standing decision’’ 565
utility of 566
and political representation 560
and representation 563
multiparty system 561 – 2
two-party system 560 – 1
and role of 573
and spatial leadership 329
in Westminster system 326
political science:
and contribution of 102
and hard/soft division within 755
and institutionalization 726 , 727
and institutions 718
deWnition of 719 – 22 , 724 – 5 , 730
and postmodernism 104
and traditions of study:subject index 805