The Economist March 26th 2022 49
Asia
TheIndianPremierLeagueat 15
Beyond the boundary
I
n august theBoard of Control for Crick
et in India (bcci), a sportsadministra
tion body, invited sealed bids for two new
franchises in the Indian Premier League
(ipl), an annual domestic tournament of
the world’s greatest sport. Two months lat
er, at an event in Dubai, it opened the enve
lopes. The bccihad set a confident mini
mum price of $270m for each team. The
largest bid was an eyepopping $940m.
The next biggest stood at $750m—more
than the total price of all eight franchises
when the league started in 2008.
The 2022 tournament, which begins on
March 26th, is only the 15th season of the
ipl. In that time it has not only turned
cricket upside down, but “completely revo
lutionised the Indian mindset and how the
world looks at India”, says Boria Majumdar,
an academic who studies cricket.
The idea for the iplcame along in 2007,
a propitious time for Indian enterprise.
Like the ecommerce platform Flipkart, the
ticketbooking firm redBus and the ride
hailing company Ola, all of which emerged
in roughly the same period, the ipltook an
American idea and gave it a local twist. La
lit Modi, a midranking bcciofficial, saw
the creation of Twenty20 cricket, a made
fortelevision, threehour version of the
game, as an opportunity to create a lucra
tive, citybased competition.
Mr Modi persuaded members of India’s
business and entertainment elite to stump
up a combined $723m for the ownership of
eight franchises. Despite a name that pays
homage to English football, he borrowed
liberally from American sports. A small
number of teams and a short fixture list
were designed to make every game feel im
portant. Matches were played at the same
time every evening to encourage families
to tune in regularly. The lack of promotion
or relegation protected the value of inves
tors’ assets from a sudden depreciation. A
team salary cap prevented the richest fran
chises from dominating. Sony, which runs
a network of channels in India, paid $1bn
for broadcast rights to the first ten edi
tions. When that contract ended Star India,
another broadcaster, paid two and a half
times as much for half as many years.
The league was an immediate hit. The
cricket was fastpaced and exciting. The
grounds were packed with celebrities. Im
ported cheerleaders added an exotic twist.
By broadcasting in regional languages and
opening fan zones for people to watch
matches on big screens in remote parts of
the country, the iplmade cricket more ac
cessible and reflected the diversity of In
dia. The acceptance of players from other
states and even countries in teams named
after a city or a state promoted the idea of
Indian tolerance and cosmopolitanism.
Sponsors, too, began to wake up to the
tournament’s heterogeneous audience. By
2017 the Kings XI Punjab team jerseys bore
the logo of Lotus Herbals, a makeup and
skincare brand. Women were 43% of the
ipl’s television audience in 2020; plans for
a women’s league are gaining momentum.
Alec Scheiner, a partner in RedBird Capital
which bought a stake in Rajasthan Royals
last year, believes the popularity of the ipl
“is like the nfl [an Americanfootball
league] and the nba[America’s basketball
league] combined” (see chart).
The tournament has also promoted so
How India’s blockbuster cricket league reflects the country’s
strengths—and weaknesses
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