Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY 797

Mitotane (

o,p

’-DDD)

(Lysodren)

Adrenocortical cytotoxicagent. Causes suppressionof adrenal cortex. Used totreat adrenal tumors andpituitary-dependenthyperadrenocorticism(PDH).

Adverse effects, especiallyduring induction period,include lethargy, anorexia,ataxia, depression,vomiting. Corticosteroidsupplementation (e.g.,hydrocortisone orprednisolone) may beadministered to minimizeside effects.

Dose and frequency oftenare based on patientresponse. Adverse effectsare common during initialtherapy. Administrationwith food increases oralabsorption. Maintenancedose should be adjustedon the basis of periodiccortisol measurementsand ACTH stimulationtests. Cats usually havenot responded tomitotane treatment.

500 mg tablets.

Dog – for PDH:50 mg/kg/day (in divideddoses) po for 5–10 days,then 50–70 mg/kg/weekpo; for adrenal tumor:50–75 mg/kg/day for 10days, then75–100 mg/kg/week po.

Moxidectin (canineform: ProHeart; equineoral gel: Quest; cattlepour-on: Cydectin)

Antiparasitic drug.Neurotoxic to parasites bypotentiating effects ofinhibitoryneurotransmitter GABA.Used for endo- andectoparasites, as well asheartworm prevention.

Toxicity may occur at highdoses and in species inwhich ivermectin crossesblood–brain barrier (colliebreeds). Toxicity isneurotoxic, and signsinclude depression, ataxia,difficulty with vision,coma, and death.

Similar use as ivermectin.Extreme caution isrecommended if equineformulation is consideredfor use in small animals.Toxic overdoses are likelybecause the equineformulation is highlyconcentrated.

30, 68, 136

μg

tablets for dogs;20 mg/mL equineoral gel; and5 mg/mL cattlepour-on.

Dog – heartwormprevention: 3

μg/kg q30d

po; endoparasites:25–300

μ

g/kg.

Demodex

: 400

μg/kg/day

poandupto 500

μ

g/kg/day for 21–22

weeks.

Moxifloxacin (Avelox)

Fluoroquinolone antibioticof the new (4th)generation. Similar toother fluoroquinolones,except with greateractivity againstgram-positive andanaerobic bacteria.

Similar to those of otherfluoroquinolones. Becauseof the increased spectrumof action on anaerobicbacteria, greater GIdisturbance is expectedfrom oral dose.

Doses andrecommendations arebased primarily on limitedclinical experience andextrapolation from humanstudies.

400 mg tablet.

10 mg/kg q24h po.

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