C4 fiffCredits
Mark Goodreau/Alamy; bottom right: Jim Zipp/
National Audubon Society Collection/Science
Source; p. 387: Abigail McQuatters-Gollop.
Infographics
Chapter 1
Page 15, “Bug Zappers”: Data from Justin G.
Boyles, Paul M. Cryan, Gary F. McCracken, and
Thomas H. Kunz, “Economic Importance of
Bats in Agriculture,” Science, April 1, 2001,
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/41.
Chapter 2
Page 34, “Safety in Numbers”: Data from
Caroline L. Trotter and Martin C. J. Maiden,
“Meningococcal Vaccines and Herd Immunity:
Lessons Learned from Serogroup C Conju-
gate Vaccination Programs,” Expert Review of
Vaccines, July 2009, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/pubmed/19538112.
Chapter 3
Page 54, “What’s It All Made Of ?”: Earth’s
Atmosphere data from Wikipedia, en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Abundance_of_thechemical
elements. The Universe data from WebElements,
http://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abundance
_universe/. The Human Body data from
Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical
_makeup_of_the_human_body. Earth’s Crust
data from Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust.
Chapter 4
Page 73,“Sizing Up Life”: Data from Genetic
Science Learning Center at the University of
Utah, “Cell Size and Scale,” learn.genetics.utah
.edu/content/cells/scale/.
Chapter 5
Page 92, “Making Way for Renewables”: Data
from REN21, “Renewables 2016 Global Status
Report,” http://www.ren21.net/status-of-renewables
/global-status-report/.
Chapter 6
Page 112, “Cancer’s Big 10”: Data from Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, “United
States Cancer Statistics: 2013 Top Ten Cancers,”
nccd.cdc.gov/uscs/toptencancers.aspx.
Chapter 7
Page 130, “Does Bigger Mean Better?”: Data
from National Center for Biotechnology Infor-
mation, U.S. National Library of Medicine,
“Genome Information by Organism,” http://www.ncbi
.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/.
Chapter 8
Page 143, “Genetic Diseases Affecting Ameri-
cans”: Data from Cold Spring Harbor Labora-
tory, DNA Learning Center, “Your Genes, Your
Health,” http://www.ygyh.org.
Chapter 9
Page 168, “The Meteoric Rise of CRISPR”:
PubMed search results data from National
Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S.
National Library of Medicine, http://www.ncbi.nlm
.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=crispr. Timeline data
from Broad Institute, “CRISPR Timeline,”
http://www.broadinstitute.org/what-broad/areas
-focus/project-spotlight/crispr-timeline, and
from CRISPR Update, “CRISPR Timeline,”
http://www.crisprupdate.com/crispr-timeline/.Chapter 10
Page 185, “The Deadly Price of a Pandemic”:
Data from U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, “Pandemic Flu History,”
http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/history/index.html,
and from World Health Organization, “Global
Influenza Programme,” http://www.who.int/influenza
/en/.Chapter 11
Page 206, “Watching Evolution Happen”: Data
from Oliver Tenaillon, Alejandra Rodríguez
-Verdugo, Rebecca L. Gaut, Pamela McDon-
ald, Albert F. Bennett, Anthony D. Long, and
Brandon S. Gaut, “The Molecular Diversity of
Adaptive Convergence,” Science, January 27,
2012, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/pubmed/22282810.Chapter 12
Page 227, “Race against Resistance”: Antibacte-
rial drugs data from Infectious Diseases Society
of America, “Bad Bugs, No Drugs: As Antibiotic
Discovery Stagnates... A Public Health Crisis
Brews,” http://www.idsociety.org/uploadedfiles/idsa
/policy_and_advocacy/current_topics_and
_issues/antimicrobial_resistance/10x20/images
/bad%20bugs%20no%20drugs.pdf, and from
Dalia Deak, Kevin Outterson, John H. Powers,
and Aaron S. Kesselheim, Annals of Internal
Medicine, September 6, 2016, “Progress in the
Fight Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria? A
Review of U.S. Food and Drug Administration–
Approved Anti biotics, 2010–2015,” annals.org
/aim/article/2526197/progress-fight-against
-multidrug-resistant-bacteria-review-u-s-food/.
Timeline data from Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, “Antibiotic Resistance Threats
in the United States, 2013,” http://www.cdc.gov
/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/pdf/ar
-threats-2013-508.pdf.Chapter 13
Page 244, “On the Diversity of Species”: Data
from A.D. Chapman, “Numbers of Living
Species in Australia and the World, 2nd Edition,
A Report for the Australian Biological Resources
Study, September 2009,” http://www.environment.gov
.au/node/13875.Chapter 14
Page 264, “The Sixth Extinction”: Data from
International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources, The IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species, Summary
Statistics, http://www.iucnredlist.org/about/summary
-statistics.Chapter 15
Page 280, “The Bugs in Your Belly Button”:
Data from Robert R. Dunn, Julie Horvath-
Roth, Sarah P. Council, Holly Menninger,
and Matthew Fitzpatrick, Your Wild Life,
November 25, 2013, “The Belly Buttons Will be
Revealed, Slowly,” yourwildlife.org/2013/11
/the-belly-buttons-will-be-revealed-slowly/.Chapter 16
Page 296, “Food Banks”: Data from Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
“Biodiversity for Food Security and Nutrition:
30 Years of the Commission on Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture,” http://www.fao
.org/resources/infographics/infographics
-details/en/c/174199/, and “Commission on
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture:
Plant Genetic Resources,” http://www.fao.org/nr/cgrfa
/cthemes/plants/en/.Chapter 17
Page 309, “Hereditary Heirlooms”: Data from
National Geographic, “Genes Are Us. And
Them,” ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/07
/125-explore/shared-genes, and from Stefan
Lovgren, National Geographic News, August 31,
2005, “Chimps, Humans 96 Percent the Same,
Gene Study Finds,” news.nationalgeographic
.com/news/2005/08/0831_050831_chimp
_genes.html.Chapter 18
Page 331, “Forest Devastation”: Deforestation
and forest degradation data from G. Kissinger,
M. Herold, and V. De Sy, “Drivers of Defor-
estation and Forest Degradation: A Synthesis
Report for REDD+ Policymakers,” Lexeme
Consulting, Vancouver, Canada, August 2012,
http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system
/uploads/attachment_data/file/65505/6316
-drivers-deforestation-report.pdf. Top 5 country
data from Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, “Change in Extent of Forest
and Other Wooded Land 1990–2005,” http://www.fao
.org/forestry/32033/en/.Chapter 19
Page 353, “World’s Deadliest Animals”: Data
collected from multiple sources at Bill Gates,
GatesNotes, April 25, 2014, “The Deadliest
Animal in the World,” http://www.gatesnotes.com
/Health/Most-Lethal-Animal-Mosquito-Week/.Chapter 20
Page 366, “Cause and Effect”: Data from
William J. Ripple and Robert L. Beschta,
“Restoring Yellowstone’s Aspen with Wolves,”
Biological Conservation 138 (2007), http://www.cof
.orst.edu/leopold/papers/Restoring%20
Yellowstone%20aspen%20with%20wolves.pdf.Chapter 21
Page 388, “Productive Plants”: Data from
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed
Active Archive Center, “NPP and the Global
Carbon Cycle,” daac.ornl.gov/NPP/html_docs
/npp_ccycle.html.