I-8 Index
Bronchial tree, of respiratory system,
178f, 179
Bronchioles, 178f, 179, 187, 188–189,
286, 296
n Bronchitis, 188–189, 188f
Bronchus, 178f, 179, 189
Brown fat, 83, 116, 300
Brush border cells, 201, 201f, 204,
205f, 209
n BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis).
See also Mad cow disease
n Bubble babies. See SCID (severe
combined immune deficiency)
n Bubonic plague, 9f, 472f, 474
Buffers, 25, 185, 198, 204, 232, 232f
Bulbourethral glands, 310f, 310t,
311, 312f
n Bulimia nervosa, 219, 219t
Bulk flow, 132, 133f
n Bull’s-eye rash, 136, 136f. See also
Lyme disease
n BUN test, 149t
n Burns, and artificial skin, 73
Bursae, 106, 106f
C
n Caffeine, 135, 231, 253, 260, 260f,
271, 337
Calcitonin, 89, 287f, 288t, 292t,
294, 295
Calcium
absorption of, 78, 95, 203, 226, 288
n in atherosclerotic plaque, 134
blood levels, regulation of, 89,
294–295, 295f
in body, 16, 16f
in bones, 88–89, 89f, 90, 90t, 100
in bone tissue, 70f–71f, 71
n deficiency in, 98
n in diet, 102, 129t, 215t
in extracellular fluid, 225
functions of, 294–295
homeostasis, 89, 100, 110,
294–295, 295f
storage of, 50
in teeth, 198
Calcium carbonate, 274
Calcium channels, gated, 244
Calcium ions
and muscle contraction, 109–111,
109f–111f, 113
and nerve impulses, 25, 244, 244f
n Calories (food), 212, 217, 217t
cAMP (cyclic adenosine
monophosphate), 36,
288–289, 289f
n Camptodactyly, 380, 401t
Canadian Rockies, 461f
Canaliculi, 88, 88f
n Cancer, 425–435
n aging and, 429
n anal, 322
n bladder, 188f, 234, 430t, 431f, 432
n and blood clots, susceptibility
to, 154
n blood vessel growth in, 154
n bone, 99
n bone marrow (leukemia), 17, 17f,
152, 152f, 397, 417f, 418, 419,
430t, 431, 431f, 432, 434, 435
n brain, 258, 258f, 419
n breast, 169, 177, 324, 324f, 417, 428,
431f, 432t, 433, 433f, 435
n bronchial, 431f
n carcinogenesis, 428–429, 428f,
429f, 480
n carcinogens, 190, 429, 430, 430f,
430t, 435, 436t
n carcinomas, 79, 79f, 190, 431
n cell reproduction in, 372, 427
n cervical, 322, 325, 425, 427f,
432t, 436f
n characteristics of, 426–427, 426f,
426t, 427f
n chemicals as cause of, 190, 429,
430, 430f, 430t, 435
n chromosome changes and, 397
n colorectal, 209, 209f, 428, 428f,
429f, 431f, 432t
n of connective tissue, 430t, 431
n diet and, 209, 435
n endometrial, 325
n epithelial, 430t, 431
n of esophagus, 41, 188f, 435
n of eye, 280–281, 428, 428f
n factors leading to, 428–429, 436t
n gene therapy for, 419
n as genetic disease, 234, 324, 381,
418, 419, 427, 428–429, 428f,
429f, 433
n genetic vs. environmental risk
factors, 381
n glial, 258, 258f, 431, 435
n HIV patient vulnerability to,
172, 172f
n HPV infection and, 322
n immune system response to, 166,
167f, 429
n immunotherapy for, 169
n inherited susceptibility to, 428
n of kidney, 234, 234f, 431f
n larynx, 188f, 435
n leukemias, 17, 17f, 152, 152f, 397,
417f, 418, 419, 430t, 431, 431f,
432, 434, 435
n liver, 322, 429, 430t, 432, 435
n lung, 45f, 177, 188, 188f, 190, 190f,
419, 428, 430t, 431f
n lymphomas, 431
n major types of, 431, 431f
n melanoma, 79, 79f, 280, 419,
426, 426f
n metastasis, 426f, 426t, 427, 427f
n and mitosis controls, loss of, 372n mouth (oral), 41, 188f, 322, 431f, 435
n in muscle tissue, 115
n in nervous system, 258, 258f
n of oral cavity, 188f, 431f, 435
n ovarian, 325, 326, 328, 419, 431f,
432, 432t
n of pancreas, 188f, 431f
n prevention, 15, 40, 215, 324–325,
324f, 325f, 433, 433t, 435, 435f
n prostate, 17, 37, 169, 325, 431f,
432, 432t
n radiation as cause of, 190, 361,
429, 436t
n radiation therapy for, 361
n radioisotope tracers identifying,
17, 17f, 432, 433f
n of reproductive system, 324–325,
324f, 325f
n research on, 372, 425
n risk factors for, 10, 41, 63, 195,
435, 435f
n sarcomas, 99, 99f, 115, 172f, 431, 434
n screening and diagnosis of, 223,
432–433, 432f, 432t, 433f
n single-gene mutations and, 418
n skin, 79, 79f, 426, 426f, 429, 429f,
430t, 431, 431f, 438, 477t
n spinal, 258
n of stomach, 210
n terminology for, 431, 431f
n testicular, 325, 325f, 432t
n throat, 41, 177
n thyroid, 431f, 432, 433f
n tobacco smoke and, 188, 188f,
234, 435
n tongue, 177
n treatment of, 17, 115, 324, 325,
325f, 361, 419, 434–435, 434f
n in urinary system, 188f, 234, 234f,
430t, 431f
n uterine, 325, 431f, 432t
n warning signs of, 433, 433t
Cancer cells, 45f, 348, 426–427, 426f,
426t, 427f
antigens of surface of, 156
Candida albicans, 323
n Candidiasis, 323
Canine teeth, 198, 198f, 451
Capacitation (of sperm), 315
Capillaries/capillary beds
associated with nephrons, 226–227,
227f, 228, 228f, 230, 233
in brain, 253
in cardiovascular circuit, 126f, 127
in circulatory system, 123
diabetes and, 299
diffusion through, 127, 130, 132–133,
132f, 133f
endocrine system and, 290, 290f,
291, 291f
gas exchange in, 184, 184f,
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