text following) their omnivorous tastes, see Gordon Grice,The Red Hourglass: Lives of
the Predators(New York: Delacorte Press, ), –. Also, on barbeque, swine, and
religious tradition and swine as factotums in eastern North Carolina, see Michael D.
Thompson, ‘‘High on the Hog: Swine as Culture and Commodity in Eastern North Caro-
lina’’ (Ph.D. diss., Miami University, ), esp. –, –.
. Documents relating to Ruffin’s antirange campaign are available inEdmund Ruf-
fin: Nature’s Management: Writings on Landscape and Reform, –, ed. Jack Temple
Kirby (Athens: University of Georgia Press, ), –. On the demise of relatively
egalitarian rural communities in the North, see John Mack Faragher,Sugar Creek: Life
on the Illinois Prairie(New Haven: Yale University Press, ), esp. pt. .
. See Kirby,Poquosin, –, , and Cecil C. Frost and Lytton J. Musselman, ‘‘His-
tory and Vegetation of the Blackwater Ecologic Preserve [Isle of Wight Co., Va.],’’Cas-
tanea (): –.
. These paragraphs on the naval stores industry are based principally on Robert
Outland’s outstanding work on the subject:Tapping the Pines: The Naval Stores Indus-
try in the American South(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ). His
chap. , ‘‘Suicidal Harvest,’’ depicts the sudden crash of North Carolina’s longleaf for-
ests. On northeastern North Carolina turpentining and complaints about overboxing,
see myPoquosin, –, –. ‘‘First Wave’’ industries (in contemporary parlance) are
nineteenth/early-twentieth-century ones, such as lumber and cotton textiles; ‘‘Second
Wave’’ describes post–World War II enterprises such as auto and airplane manufactur-
ing, communications, etc. See Philip Scranton, ed.,The Second Wave: Southern Indus-
trialization from the s to the s(Athens: University of Georgia Press, ).
. This section on the Civil War as environmental experience is based largely on
‘‘The American Civil War: An Environmental View,’’ my online article for TeacherServe,
the National Humanities Center’s website. But see also Charles Royster,The Destruc-
tive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans(New York:
Knopf, ), esp. on the burning of Columbia, S.C. On animals, disease, and death,
see G. Terry Sharrer,A Kind of Fate: Agricultural Change in Virginia, –(Ames:
Iowa State University Press, ), esp. –.
. On New South economic expansion, see C. Vann Woodward’s classicOrigins of
the New South, –(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ), chaps.
–, and especially Edward L. Ayers,The Promise of the New South: Life after Reconstruc-
tion(New York: Oxford University Press, ), esp. – (on railroad expansion).
. See Michael Williams,Americans and Their Forests: A Historical Geography(Cam-
bridge: Cambridge University Press, ), – (on the Great Lakes), and for fol-
lowing paragraphs on the South, – (, – on J. H. Kirby). On the Midwest
and the lumber business, see also William Cronon,Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and
the Great West(New York: Norton, ), –. On the Hatfield-McCoy feud, see
Altina L. Waller,Feud: Hatfields, McCoys, and Social Change in Appalachia, –
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ), esp. –. On Camp Manu-
facturing, see Kirby,Poquosin, –, –.
–