Species

Index 385

ranking problem, 279
self-classifiers, 278
three species problems, 278–280
zoological hegemony, 280
Philosophy of species, development of, 283–339
abstract objects, 299
asexual microbial species, 317–330
biospecies, 305
branching random walks, 321–324
cladogram, 291
classes in biology, 294–295
clouds, clades, and grades (natural kinds or
natural groups), 289–301
Core Genome Hypothesis or Genomic Island
Hypothesis, 324
deviation from a natural state, 301
DNA fragment reuptake, 323
ecospecies, 305
epistemology of species, 305
evolutionary species, 305
family resemblance, 312–315
functional or cohesive individuals, 288
generative conception of species, 307
genetic species, 305
historical essentialism, 301
Homeostatic Property Cluster kinds,
303–304
indiscernibles, 295–301
individual, cohesive, or concrete, 288–289
intensionally defined grouping, 290
Intrinsic Biological Essentialism, 302–303
jointly sufficient and severally necessary
properties, 290
metaphysical or logical individuals, 288
morphospecies, 305
names and nomenclature, 309–312
natural boundaries, 293–294
“new” essentialisms, 301–304
number of species concepts, 305–308
ontology of species, 305
origin essentialism, 301
phenomenal individuals, 288
philosophical background, 285–287
phylogenetic species concept, 305
phylo-phenetic species concept (polyphasic
species concept), 324–326
phylotype, 321
polythetic set, 284
polytypic set, 284
population thinking, 284
problem of cohesion, 319–320
process structuralism, 301
Qua problem, 315 –317
Quasispecies Model, 326–330
Recombination Model, 323–324, 328
reproductive reach, 307
Respeciation Problem, 286

species definitions as sociological markers,

331–332

taxa and kind terms, 290–293

taxonomic species, 305

terminology, 309

three-domain hypothesis, 318

Wittgenstein and resemblance, 312–314

Phylogenetic species concepts, 241–253, 305

“agamotaxa,” 247

apomorphic species concept, 243

autapomorphic species, 249–251

Hennig Convention, 246

Hennigian, or internodal, species, 244–247

internodality, 247

ontology–epistemology aspects of species,

243

operational taxonomic units, 244

phylogenetic taxon (synapomorphic) species,

247–249

plesiomor phy, 2 42

synapomorphic concept, 243

taxon level, or rank, 251

Phylogenetic taxon species, 247–249, 375

Phylospecies (PSC), 370

Phylum, coining of term, 365

Physiological species, 348

Pluralism, monism versus, 280–281

Polyphasic species concept, 258, 324–326

Polythetic set, 284

Polytypic set, 284

Population thinking, 284

Porphyry’s comb, 24

Post-Linnaean ranks, 365–366

Poulton, Edward Bagnall, 194

Prichard, James, 129–130

Primum of the genus, 49–50

Principle of plenitude, 52

Process structuralism, 301

Prokaryotes, 318

Propagation from seed, 73–77

Prototypical conceptions of species, 347

Q

Qua problem, 315 –317

Quasispecies Model, 326–330

R

“Race circles,” 204

Ramus, Peter, 54–56

Ranking problem, 279

Rank of species, 212

Ray, John, 73–77

Realism, see Species realism

Real and nominal essences, 70–73

Recognition species, 375