Buddhism in Australia Traditions in Change

72

Sally

McAm

4 Theseare

beings

that

maditionalBuddhist

cosmology

identifiesasthesixrealmsof

existence:

humans.animals.

hungryghosts.gods,demigods

andhell

beings.

5

Hage

uses

theterm’White‘insteadof

‘Anglo'

becausehe

argues

that

theformeristhe

dominant,

albeit

primarily

unconscious.mode

orselr-pcrception

andbecauseitencom-

passespeople

of

non-Anglo

descentwho

also

perceive

themselvesinthis

way

(199%:

19).

Headdsthat

‘Whiteness'is‘a

fantasyposition

ofculturaldominance'

arising

from

laurepc‘shistory

tirexpnnsion(20).

6

Hage

(2002:

429)

characterizestheshififrom

theconservativeLibeml

govcmmcnt

of

MalcolmFraser

(197571982)

tolheLabor

government

ofBobHawkc

(1982-1992)

asa

shillbetweentwo

approaches

tomulticulturalism.Theformerwasan

adjunct

to

awhite

Australiathatdidnot

compete

withit.Whilethelatterwasstill

Anglo-Celtic.

immigration

hadtransformedits

identity

intowhatwas

represented

as‘a

highertype

of

Anglo—Celtic

Civilizatlon‘

(Hage

2002:

429. 
     

diat

appealed

tothe

growingcategory

of

middle-class,well-travelledAustralians

who.

in

seeking

tobe

cosmopolitan.

wishedto

distancethemselvesfromtheir

country‘simage

as

a

‘mcistcolonialbackwater”

(Hag:

2002:

429).

Whiletheseviews

areassociatedwith

metropolitan

Australia.elitesin

regional

centreslike

Bendigo

have

similar

aspirations.

7 Elsewhere 1

discussother

expressions

or

support

andothercriticism.

including

the

viewsnfa

Buddhist»Theosophistopponent

andan

Aboriginal

activistandher

supporters

(McAra

2009).

References

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l’.

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D.J.

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