Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur

6INTRODUCTION the case of electricity and water— at a fraction of the cost of production. These subsidized energy products are ...

1. Before Oil T he ruling sheikhs of the Gulf, with their perfumed headscarves and gold- trimmed cloaks, can seem like exotic an ...

8BEFORE OIL of Christianity, the great civilizations— the deserts of the Arabian Pen- insula languished outside this current. M ...

BEFORE OIL9 inaccessibility also secured a mineral- rich realm for a small number of distant ancestors of the early Arabs. The ...

10BEFORE OIL sailed away amid the crumbling of the imperium in 1971. They were interested in Arabia for its strategic location ...

BEFORE OIL11 economic change. The disparate sheikhdoms quickly integrated with counterparts in the region and within the global ...

TABLE 1.1 Basic statistical indicators Ye a r of data 2015 2010– 2015 2015 2015 2014 2012 2012 Country Area (sq. mi.) 1 Pop. (mi ...

BEFORE OIL13 The GCC countries are typically studied as a group, but the various monarchies bear widely different characteristi ...

14BEFORE OIL the fighting was done, Ibn Saud melded four disparate territories into a country that he named for himself. Ibn Sa ...

BEFORE OIL15 exports and anticommunism. The American- led exploitation of the kingdom’s oil and Saudi Arabia’s geopolitical sig ...

16BEFORE OIL interest and protection of the West. This protection undergirds the hard security needs of all six Gulf monarchies ...

BEFORE OIL17 freedoms is that Kuwait’s parliament has, especially in recent years, used its power to block foreign investment a ...

52 Persian Gulf Gulf ofOman 56 26 24 OMAN ABU DHABI Q ATA R SAUDIARABIA IRAN OMAN Al Ruwais Qatuf 52 56 Al Ain Das Island Lesser ...

BEFORE OIL19 under British domination.^15 The area became known afterward as the Trucial Coast, named for the series of truces ...

20BEFORE OIL Q ATA R A settlement known as Qatar— or Catara— has endured on the thumb- shaped peninsula jutting from the Arabia ...

BEFORE OIL21 make up less than a fifth of the total population of 2.2 million, which is dominated by resident foreign workers. ...

0 100,00090,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 ...

BEFORE OIL23 Oman fell into decline toward the end of the 1800s as the British crack- down on the slave trade deprived it of re ...

24BEFORE OIL earlier, Bahrain was the capital of one of the oldest civilizations in the Middle East, ancient Dilmun, which enjo ...

BEFORE OIL25 once nominal tribal sheikhs evolved into dynastic “rulers” and, later, “heads of state” in the European fashion. I ...