Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur

166CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE buy and burn fossil fuels, and it makes governments more likely to deny or discourage access t ...

CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE167 Aramco’s production decisions undergo painstaking deliberation over the optimal pace of deplet ...

168CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE competitive, with states vying with rivals for market share and to dif- ferentiate themselves ...

CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE169 The kingdom also plans strategic investments that maximize the effi- ciency of oil’s main tech ...

170CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE as a transport fuel, and transportation services are vital. There are no fully viable substitu ...

CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE171 WHERE NEXT? The Gulf has come a long way since roughnecks from California tapped into a gusher ...

172CONCLUSION: THE CLIMATE HEDGE other than in Dubai, has never overcome the monarchical institutions arrayed against it. Renti ...

INTRODUCTION Some of the material in this book appeared in previous publications by the author. Among them: Jim Krane, “Reversi ...

1741. BEFORE OIL Joao Teles e Cunha, “The Portuguese Presence in the Persian Gulf,” in The Persian Gulf in History, ed. Lawrenc ...

BEFORE OIL175 the Qawasim trade routes. See Sultan bin Muhammad al- Qassimi, Power Struggles and Trade in the Gulf, 1620– 182 ...

1761. BEFORE OIL Without Taxation? Rents, Development, and Democracy,” Comparative Politics 37, no. 3 (2005): 297– 315; Stephen ...

THE OIL AGE ARRIVES177 59, National Archives and Records Administration in College Park, MD (NARA). Provided by Nathan Citino ...

1783. THE BIG PAYBACK THE BIG PAYBACK Parra estimates the remuneration for “participation” paid by Abu Dhabi, Iran, Iraq, Kuwa ...

FROM ENERGY POVERTY TO ENERGY EXTREMISM179 Soviet Union, and the Arab- Israeli Conflict, 1969– 1973 (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ ...

1804. FROM ENERGY POVERTY TO ENERGY EXTREMISM Marc Valeri, Oman: Politics and Society in the Qaboos State (London: Hurst, 2009 ...

FROM ENERGY POVERTY TO ENERGY EXTREMISM181 According to the Little- Mirrlees Rule, allocative efficiency is achieved when the ...

1825. UNNATURALLY COOL UNNATURALLY COOL “World’s Highest Substation from ABB Powers World’s Tallest Building,” ABB, Jan- u a r ...

UNNATURALLY COOL183 Jim Krane, City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism (New York: St. Martin’s, 2009), 89. Hiba Nayif ...

1845. UNNATURALLY COOL Models,” Journal of Energy and Development 20, no.  2 (1995); M. Nagy Eltony and Naief H. Al- Mutairi, “ ...

WE HAVE A SERIOUS PROBLEM185 Gause, Oil Monarchies, 147. F. Gregory Gause III, “The Political Economy of National Security in ...