Advances in Role and Reference Grammar

66 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. RelG has corne primarily from two sets of phenomena: (1) voice construc­ tions in which an underlyin ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 67 (48) a. Lögreglan tók Siggu fasta. the.police(N) took.3pL Sigga(A) fast(A) "The poli ...

68 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. ments, only one of them can be pivot in a passive. This verb has roughly the same LS as English give ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 69 If the actor is linked to a peripheral position in a passive, the universal for­ mul ...

70 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. (54) a. Bill sent the notice [theme] to his lawyer [locative]. a'. Bill sent his lawyer [locative] t ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 71 (57) a. Mavuto a-na-umb-a mtsuko. Chichewa Mavuto suBj-PAST-mold-MooD waterpot "Mavu ...

(^72) ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. These examples show that "~A" is considerably more than just "U" in the statement of passive in K ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 73 core argument status. The inherent lexical content of NPs (Silverstein 1976, this vo ...

74 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. Finite verb agreement in Icelandic is with the highest ranking direct core macrorole argument, with ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 75 arguments explicitly specified in the logical structure of a verb must be realized s ...

76 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. 5.2.1 From semantics to syntax The linking procedure from semantics (LS) to syntax (LSC) is summariz ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 77 With verbs that allow both possibilities for undergoer, two factors may influence th ...

78 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. If one of the argument positions were filled by a WH-word, then it would appear in the PCS. This is ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 79 [eat'(x,y)] CAUSE [BECOME eaten'(y)] "eat" (accomplishment), its link­ ing propertie ...

80 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. [+MR]) with experiencer and theme arguments. Since they are not activity verbs, their single macroro ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 81 b. With respect to the LS, execute step (1) from (63) and determine actor only.  Wi ...

82 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. If the sentence being analyzed were (66c) (Maria presented Larry with the spatula) instead of (66a), ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 83 therefore the NP in the PCS must be the one which would function as pivot in a non-W ...

84 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. analyses that the extent of the cross-linguistic validity of steps like 2c in (70), for example, can ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 85 (71) [do'(w)] CAUSE [[ do'(x)] CAUSE [BECOME predicate'(y,z)]] In this LS, both w an ...