Advances in Role and Reference Grammar

(^6) ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. (1) Dyirbal (Dixon 1972) "The man speared the wallaby in the mountains." Bay i bargan "wallaby (AB ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 7 In this representation, an arrow indicates that the periphery is an adjunct to the co ...

8 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. (2) a. Kewa (Papua-New Guinea; Franklin 1971) íra-paa-ru. "I finished cooking it." COOk-PERF-lSG PAS ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 9 The nuclear operators have scope over the nucleus; they modify the action, event or s ...

10 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. 1.4 Formal representation of clause structure Since operators are technically not part of the nucleu ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 11 mined by the scope principle. In order to be able to capture the differences between ...

12 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. IF is indicated by the position of the tense marker: interrogative IF by core- initial tense, declar ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 13 operator over the clause. LDP phrases, by contrast, are outside of the clause and th ...

(^14) ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. particle" ?a, as in (e). The contrast in the discourse functions of phrases in the two positions ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 15 b. _ when had she(isi) worked at bridge-building "When did she work at bridge-buildi ...

16 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. before the subject, and as (7b) shows, this is in fact ungrammatical. The explanation for this is th ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 17 This contrast has important syntactic consequences. Because in the head-marking patt ...

18 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. arguments of the clause, not the optional independent lexical NPs and pro­ nouns. The structure of ( ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 19 the verb is interpreted as the absolutive argument, the second as the erga- tive); c ...

(^20) ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. dependent can be omitted, with the result being a grammatical phrase of the same type, e.g. yul " ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 21 reflects its status as one of the NP operators. Defìniteness is the NP-level counter ...

22 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. from this language. In the RRG analysis, the form in Figure 10 is posited as the unmarked form for a ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 23 Halliday (1967, 1984), Horn (1986), Jackendoff (1972), Kuno (1972a,b, 1975) and Prin ...

24 ROBERT D. VAN VALIN, JR. In order for the concepts of topic and focus to have any substance, they must be grounded in a gener ...

A SYNOPSIS OF ROLE AND REFERENCE GRAMMAR 25 presupposed, i.e. focal (asserted, questioned, etc.) part. The definitions she arriv ...