A Grammar of Madurese

244 Chapter 8 Prepositions and PPs This does not appear to be a question of formality but a question of style and usage. Locativ ...

Prepositions in other environments 245 noun is omissible if the location described is the one canonically associated with the ob ...

246 Chapter 8 Prepositions and PPs A number of verbs denoting cognitive states in their base form take an object in a PP headed ...

Prepositions in other environments 247 There is a variety of other verbs which take prepositional rather than bare objects, a fe ...

248 Chapter 8 Prepositions and PPs b. Adi nambu' keya dha' Ari bi' bato. Adi AV.throw.at too to Ari with rock ‘Adi hit Ari with ...

Chapter 9 Verb phrases and verbal marking This chapter focuses on the structure of the verb phrase and the inflectional morpholo ...

250 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking analysis of syntactically transitive verbs. One voice has been referred to in the literatur ...

Voice 251 kera ‘think’ ngera semprot ‘spray’ nyemprot As described in Chapters 2 and 4 and clear in (3), the surface realization ...

252 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (5) Transitive verbs taking either ng- or a- actor voice morphology root actor voice kerem ...

Voice 253 Because it is not always an agent which is the highest-ranking argument, the term ‘actor’, coined by Benton (1971), ha ...

254 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (14) Intransitive verbs with actor voice morphology root actor voice lako ‘work’ alako berk ...

Voice 255 tako' ‘afraid’ nako'e ‘scare’ busen ‘bored’ mosenne ‘bored with’ enga' ‘remember’ ngenga'e ‘remember (tr)’ gaggar ‘fal ...

256 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking tive/nonvolitional.^4 Thus, roughly speaking, unergative predicates in Madurese take actor ...

Voice 257 (23) a. Ale' e-kekke' bari', bi' embi' rowa. yngr.sibling OV-bite yesterday by goat that ‘That goat bit Little Brother ...

258 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking have an overt agent or a discourse-linked null pronominal agent.^6 Finally, it has been pro ...

Voice 259 In (29), aba'na dibi' takes its reference from Rika, regardless of whether the preposition bi' occurs, and, in (30), t ...

260 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking ly-informed analyses take the analysis of this suffix (as well as -agi below) to be an appl ...

Irrealis mood 261 In sentences with the future modal verb bakal, the main verb often takes irrealis marking, as in (36) and (37) ...

262 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (40) Sajan peggel, sajan peggel, sampe' lo' tao entar-an pole dha' kraton more angry more a ...

Irrealis mood 263 The irrealis is also often used to denote hypothetical situations. (46) Badha pole geddhang jiya mon e-kakan-a ...