A Grammar of Madurese

264 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (50) Nyo'on-a a-tolong ka sengko'. AV.request-IRR AV-help to me ‘Please, help me.’ (51) Bu' ...

Aspectual -an, -e, reduplication 265 (54) Rudi moger-ri ka’-bungka’an dhu jam. Rudi AV.chop-DUR RED-tree two hour ‘Rudi cut down ...

266 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (59) Mon ca'-ng-oca' dha' oreng, ... if RED-AV-say to person ‘Whenever he talked to people, ...

Auxiliaries 267 (66) Sambi dang-tangdang, ... while RED-dance ‘While he was dancing, ...’ 4. Auxiliaries and adverbial tense, mo ...

268 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking bisa ‘can’ The auxiliary bisa is an abilitive, indicating the capability of the subject t ...

Auxiliaries 269 gi' buru ‘just completed’ The collocation gi' buru, literally, ‘yet just (now)’, is used to indicate that some ...

270 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (81) Marlena kera entar dha' Jakarta minggu adha'. Marlena will go to Jakarta week front ‘M ...

Auxiliaries 271 (87) Ita mare a-sassa klambi-na. Ita finish AV-wash clothes-DEF ‘Ita has finished washing the clothes.’ (88) Dhe ...

272 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking If mare is substituted, it implies a special situation in which the apparent death of a per ...

Negation 273 (98) Siti parlo entar ka Jakarta. Siti need go to Jakarta ‘Siti needs to go to Jakarta.’ (99) Koncer-ra jeh tajem s ...

274 Chapter 9 VPs and verbal marking (103) Deni lo' ngarte jawab-an. Deni not understand answer-NOM ‘Deni doesn’t understand the ...

Additional voice constructions 275 c. Ali e-pa-lo'-a-lako bi’ jaragan-na. Ali OV-CS-not-AV-work by boss-DEF ‘His boss didn’t let ...

276 Chapter 9 Verb phrases and verbal marking (112) Pappa jareya ka-dungket Emba. stem this KA-cane grandparent ‘Grandfather use ...

Additional voice constructions 277 c. Nyama-na guru-na e-ka-enga'-e Soleha. name-DEF teacher-DEF OV-KA-remember-LOC Soleha ‘Sole ...

278 Chapter 9 Verb phrases and verbal marking volition. The incompatibility of volitional adverbs with the structure unders- cor ...

Additional voice constructions 279 In some instances for some speakers, ta can be affixed to a transitive stem to derive an acti ...

280 Chapter 9 Verb phrases and verbal marking (132) Pa' Hasan ka-pate-yan ebu'-eng. Mr Hasan AD-die mother-DEF ‘Pak Hasan’s moth ...

Additional voice constructions 281 Further, there is a construction that parallels the adversative in that its subject is the ex ...

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Chapter 10 Modifications to argument structure Madurese contains two suffixes that have been referred to as applicative suffix- ...