FoundationalConceptsNeuroscience

Figure 11.1. Bacterial flagella organized into a bundle during a run (left) and unraveled during a tumble (right). Another promi ...

spores (Fig. 11.2). The tip can elongate at a rate of several millime- ters per hour and will grow in the direction of light (ph ...

Figure 11.2. Phototropism in a Phycomyces sporangiophore: a multiple-expo- sure photograph showing upward elongation of the spor ...

ality. What is it that exists? Next, our experience of the world depends on the physical proper- ties of our sensory receptors: ...

(^) 555555 Figure 11.3. The café wall illusion. All forms of perception involve elaborate manipulation of signal information by ...

eyes, containing photoreceptor cells responding to visible light. The associated perceptual experience is that of visually seein ...

11.4). The electromagnetic spectrum of radiation encompasses an enormous range of energy, from very high-energy gamma rays and x ...

Increasing Wavelength; Decreasing Energy ———________ 1 1 fm 10 pm 10nm tum 1 1mm im 1km 1 Gamma ray X-ray UV Infrared Microwave ...

in ultraviolet light but are not noticeable as any sort of color difference in the visible region of the spectrum. These pattern ...

group), that possess structures, called pit organs, that detect infrared radiation in a way similar to how eyes detect visible l ...

sky on a sunny day. You will find that the angle of polarization and the intensity of the polarized light passing through the le ...

of vibration, even a spot of blue sky can disclose the sun’s position by its polarization pattern. Are bees endowed with this ca ...

their social communication. Very high-frequency sound, called ultrasound, is inaudible to us but audible to many other animals. ...

primary means of detecting its location. Electroreceptive structures, called ampullae of Lorenzini, are densely dispersed over t ...

Near the equator the vector’s direction is nearly horizontal and parallel to the surface. The magnitude and direction of this ge ...

Figure 11.7. Earth’s magnetic field. Indeed, it is known that animals use multiple sources of informa- tion about location and d ...

the sky, it will fly straightaway back to its home. So reliable is this behavior that pigeons have been used since ancient times ...

CHAPTER 1 2 Nose and Smell You walk along a street in an unfamiliar neighborhood, looking for a place to enjoy a small lunch. A ...

Some of these molecules are caught in the moist and mucousy tissue lining the interior of the nasal passages, in the region call ...

Olfactory nerve f i fibers to brain Ss Olfactory stem cells Nasal Olfactory epithelium receptor < structural cells cells a Mu ...