FoundationalConceptsNeuroscience

channel proteins and Na/K pump proteins that would be distributed along the entire length of an unmyelinated axon are jammed tog ...

polarize the immediately adjacent region of the membrane, causing the voltage-gated sodium channels there to open and more Na to ...

Thus, the effect of incoming Na’* is very rapidly transmitted along the interior of the axon as a sort of current flow of positi ...

dancing neural impulses. Here, the puppeteer? ...

CHAPTER 6 Synapses, Neurotransmitters, and Receptors Synapses (Greek syn = together, haptein = to fasten, join, clasp) are the p ...

potential changes between cells. The signaling mediated by electrical synapses is relatively simple: communication of ion concen ...

Figure 6.1. Electrical synapse. Connexon channels from two cells join to- gether, forming a pore connecting the cells. Where the ...

lipid bilayer membrane (Fig. 6.3). These are synaptic storage vesicles, each filled with several thousand neurotransmitter molec ...

Voltage-gated Nat and K* channels Presynaptic neuron (^) Voltage-gated A Ca** channels Presynaptic neurotransmitter receptors -/ ...

axon Presynaptic terminal with neurotransmitter storage vesicles axon Presynaptic terminal with neurotransmitter storage vesicle ...

two ways. One way is via reuptake transporter proteins located in the cell membrane of the axon terminal. When neurotransmitter ...

him during sleep, he resolved to attempt to recover them. His inten- tion was successful: the next night he awoke around 3 a.m. ...

A, ANC Litt Neurotransmitter molecules are contained in the storage vesicles of an axon terminal and are released into the synap ...

wheat gluten (Latin gluten = glue), from which it received its name. Its neurotransmitter function did not come to light until n ...

in concentration) to inside the cell (where these ions are lower in concentration). This produces a change in the membrane volta ...

ionotropic GABA receptors allows CI to flow from outside the cell (where Cl is more highly concentrated) to inside the cell. Thi ...

IPSPs. Any actual neuron receives input from dozens, hundreds, or thou- sands of other neurons. Any given neuron will have many ...

| used in more ways than one. EPSPs bs IPSP Lo. \ ( (W\ 7 bo y= Zp _\ =< aX }) j/^4 t= __ Action potential propagation ( y= = ...

that some neurons release more than one type of neurotransmitter (neuropeptides; see Chapter 7), but for the moment we will stay ...

Figure 6.5. Ionotropic receptor. Binding of a neurotransmitter molecule (triangles) to a specific site on the receptor shifts th ...