FoundationalConceptsNeuroscience

eastern Africa are where most of the oldest fossils of human ancestors have been found. These great savannas are believed to be ...

adversary on the head. Yikes! Then his compatriots jump into the act, brandishing their bone weapons and repeatedly striking the ...

today. All others have vanished. These dates are approximate and subject to alteration as more is discovered from the fossil and ...

something that was portrayed in very primordial form in 2001:A Space Odyssey and something that is very much a major issue in th ...

in the future. The year is presumably around 2001, still decades into the future at the time the film was made. Later in the fil ...

experiences, including our thoughts, feelings, perceptions (visual, au- ditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile), mental images, a ...

whether HAL has a mind (by this definition) is to ask whether HAL has an experience of what it is like to be HAL. For if HAL has ...

the nature of reality? Thank you, HAL. ...

CHAPTER 2 Nervous Systems and Brains Who are we? How are we related to everything else we believe we know and understand about t ...

system is a network within the body that functions to manipulate external and internal information. It is specialized for rapid ...

Brains are made up of two general classes of cells: neurons and glia (Fig. 2.1). It is currently estimated that there are around ...

Figure 2.2. Compass jellyfish, Chrysaora hysoscella, from the spectacular 1904 book Kunstformen der Natur (Artforms of Nature) b ...

parent and has a relatively simple organismal structure, at least for an animal that is able to manifest some degree of behavior ...

(fluid-filled internal spaces) in the mature brain. If we examine the external structure of brains from various vertebrate anima ...

gyri (singular: gyrus) and sulci (singular: sulcus), respectively, and area consequence of the cerebrum in many mammals being a ...

cerebral hemispheres. The diencephalon, a structure located between the base of the cerebral cortex and the midbrain, consists l ...

Some of the most beautiful drawings ever produced of human anatomy were published in 1543, in a classic book by Andreas Vesal- i ...

Figure 2.9. Open human skull with dura intact (left) and with dura peeled back (right), from Andreas Vesalius’s De Humani Corpor ...

highly interconnected via fiber pathways to the entire body (Fig. 2.10). There were fibers connecting the brain with the sensory ...

Figure 2.10. Autonomic and cranial nerve fibers connecting the brain and body (left), and nerve fibers connecting the spinal cor ...