Transfer of Buddhism Across Central Asian Networks (7th to 13th Centuries)

262 sØrensen years ago the American scholar Kenneth Eastman presented a summary of the research he had done on the Tibetan manus ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 263 in the course of the 9th and 10th centuries spread eastward to the Central prov- inces o ...

264 sØrensen monastic populations, which was a concern shared by both Chinese and Tibetan authorities in the late medieval perio ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 265 the ritual merging of the Tibetan and Chinese Esoteric Buddhist traditions. Seemingly wi ...

266 sØrensen · The Mantras and Mudrās of the Great Compassion Sūtra (Chin. Da bei jing zhenyan yin 大悲經真言印) in 1 ch. (fol. 48–55) ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 267 example, in which talismanic seals for healing and protection can be found in abundance, ...

268 sØrensen around Shazhou. At this point it is important to distinguish between those depictions of maṇḍalas which were means ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 269 Figure 7.4 Vajradhātu maṇḍala. Probably 9th century. S. 2139. Courtesy British Library. ...

270 sØrensen Figure 7.5 Vajradhātu maṇḍala. Probably 9th century. P. 4518 (33), Courtesy Bibliothèque Nationale. ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 271 Dual Maṇḍalas represents the high point of mature Esoteric Buddhism of the Tang, and it ...

272 sØrensen its developed iconographical programme, hardly had time to reach Shazhou before the area was over-run by the Tibeta ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 273 Figure 7.6 Maṇḍala of the Sarvadurgatipariśodhanatantra. P. tib. 389. Courtesy Bibliothè ...

274 sØrensen A Chinese example corresponding to P. tib. 389 is that found in P. 3937 (fig. 7.7). I would consider the identifica ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 275 Figure 7.7 Maṇḍala of the Sarvadurgatipariśodhanatantra . P. 3937. Courtesy Bibliothèque ...

276 sØrensen Figure 7.8 Maṇḍala of the Sarvadurgatipariśodhanatantra. P. 4519. Courtesy Bibliothèque Nationale. ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 277 in the extensive and important Chan Buddhist (Chin. chanzong 禪宗) mate- rial, where impri ...

278 sØrensen a: Namo, jite, mite, Vyākaraṇa ja[?]te, buddha, svāhā! (Chin. 南謨 吉帝 64 伊帝, 毗伽羅 65 賦帝, 婆陀, 薩婆訶.) b: Oṃ, sabhamite, s ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 279 brand of Esoteric Buddhism.67 This has been done by inserting the phrase “Ascend Mahāvai ...

280 sØrensen ple of the influence of Tibetan Mahāyoga Tantrism on that of Chan and provided various examples drawn directly from ...

esoteric buddhism at the crossroads 281 or perhaps better of Tantric Buddhism.74 By introducing a new term such as ‘Guhyavāda,’ ...