Iraq after the Muslim Conquest - Michael G. Morony
TAXES at Edessa in A.D. 500 when the Byzantine governor put lead seals on the necks of the poor and gave them a pound of bread p ...
ADMINISTRATION but al-f:lajjaj raised it again to eighteen hundred embroidered robes because he accused them of siding with Ibn ...
TAXES again, a heavy impost."71 Islamic theory, however, developed at var- iance with these practices. According to Islamic law, ...
ADMINISTRATION appears to have been increased as a result of Anushirvan's tax reforms and to have peaked under Khusraw Parviz in ...
TAXES resha) and the land tax (medata).7^8 Likewise, a responsum of R. Sheshna of Sura prior to 689 indicates that government ta ...
ADMINISTRATION the Islamic maks (Ar.). As a commercial tax, the miksu on seafaring merchants at Ur amounted to a ten percent cus ...
TAXES garded as the special heritage of those who had taken it as their permanent booty.89 This privilege began to be abused alm ...
ADMINISTRATION clusions based on them can only be tentative and should take into account as many other variables as possible. Th ...
TAXES have been established as the base for the land tax under 'Umar I. The region called the Sawad in the Sasanian period in Ar ...
ADMINISTRATION hundred and fifty thousand people, amounted to one hundred million or one hundred and twenty-eight million dirham ...
TAXES the authority of the governor of Iraq were those developed in Bahrayn under Mu'awiya, this figure probably reflects mainly ...
ADMINISTRATION cations of Sasanian institutions and practices which were based on the principles underlying Sasanian usages and ...
Chapter 3 ADMINISTRATIVE GEOGRAPHY THE GEOGRAPHICAL FRAMEWORK The nature of administrative continuity and change may also be exa ...
ADMINISTRATION dynamic rather than static and to distinguish and compare different kinds of responsibilities and officials. For ...
ADMINISTRATIVE GEOGRAPHY legend: ARBAYESTAN Sasanilln province ~QUIAllHs...ilndillricl ARD AL-MAW5IL .. ,V,._' ....... ~ IIAIARM ...
ADMINISTRATION a part of Iraq not occupied by the other provinces. Marquart suggested that it may have been the general designat ...
ADMINISTRATIVE GEOGRAPHY district into subdistricts. In general, the term ustan (M.P. ostan) was used for a province, although i ...
ADMINISTRATION quered from the Byzantines (see fig. 5),17 With its southern limit formed by the Jabal Sinjar, it stretched westw ...
ADMINISTRATIVE GEOGRAPHY 'Ab din in former Sasanian territory but were extended to include Amid, R'as 'Ayn, Mayyafariqin, and Ma ...
ADMINISTRATION thian period, when it included the territory called Aturia around Nin- eveh on both sides of the Tigris.^31 Since ...
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