The Divergence of Judaism and Islam. Interdependence, Modernity, and Political Turmoil

192 · Rachel Simon Religion The Ottoman authorities, in line with the Covenant of Omar, did not intervene in Jewish religious li ...

Jewish-Muslim Relations in Libya · 193 Most Libyan Jews spoke Arabic, but it was a special Judaized dialect that was written in ...

194 · Rachel Simon independent Jewish educational institutions continued to exist and de- velop further, such as the Zionist Heb ...

Jewish-Muslim Relations in Libya · 195 Moreover, Libyan Jews had contacts with Italy and Zionism long before Arab nationalism sp ...

196 · Rachel Simon Simon, “The Jews of Libya,” 31–32. Renzo De Felice, Jews in an Arab Land: Libya, 1835–1970 (Austin: Universi ...

Jewish-Muslim Relations in Libya · 197 Simon, “From ‘Zion Circle,’“ 330; Zuaretz et al., Yahadut Luv, 297–322. De Felice, Jews ...

198 · Rachel Simon Haim Solel to the Aliyah Department in the Jewish Agency, Rome, 14 February 1952, CZA S86/180. Rachel Simon, ...

11 Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan Alanna E. Cooper On a chilly evening in the late win ...

200 · Alanna E. Cooper The Yitzchakovs are just one family, but they are among the many thousands who have left Central Asia, wh ...

Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan · 201 By the late fifteenth century, Uzbek dynasts (set ...

202 · Alanna E. Cooper strongly informed their conceptions of who they were. In this sense, the Jews very much belonged to this ...

Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan · 203 mosques. Khomlos where children studied Jewish tr ...

204 · Alanna E. Cooper their Muslim neighbors, while also remaining separate, the reasons were nuanced and multifaceted. I will ...

Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan · 205 and the bad—against what they imagined they would ...

206 · Alanna E. Cooper migration was the outbreak of civil war in Tajikistan in 1992, when Presi- dent Rakhmon Nabiyev, who had ...

Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan · 207 Sepharadi) were given official permission to esta ...

208 · Alanna E. Cooper discover the “muddy streets,” the “poor ramshackle houses and shops,” and the “crumbling ghetto inhabited ...

Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan · 209 are narrow, winding, and mostly unpaved, and the ...

210 · Alanna E. Cooper from the sale of their car in the bank, that sum could not even buy them a shirt. Financial instability a ...

Where Have All the Jews Gone? Mass Migration from Independent Uzbekistan · 211 ments—that of feeling marginalized and that of fe ...