Early Medieval Spain. Unity in Diversity, 400–1000 (2E)

THE ARAB CONQUEST 177 arithmetic, astrology, rhetoric, prosody,jurisprudence, traditions (i.e. ltadiths), history, scholastic co ...

178 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN The determining factor was the patronage of the Umayyads, them- selves the supreme patrons of letters a ...

THE ARAB CONQUEST 179 valley in the ninth century, saw themselves as the descendants of a Visigothic count Cassius, although the ...

180 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN Archaeology has not and probably never could confirm such an impression for such figures are hardly rel ...

The Umayyad Regime The Government of a Divided Society CORDOBA under the Umayyads filled many of the role of Visigothic Toledo ...

182 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN might have obliterated those tiny realms. This is a distortion of the real relationship that existed be ...

THE UMAYYAD REGIME 183 by the Berber forces at Tarragona. Once attempts to retain or expand a hold north of the Pyrenees had bee ...

184 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN and also the Frankish state, under its new Carolingian dynasty, posed a more serious threat than had be ...

THE UMA YYAD REGIME 185 maintammg their authority over their own subjects, as this deter- mined much of their relations with the ...

186 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN In fact the Umayyads turned the potential weaknesses of their position to their greatest advantage. The ...

THE UMA YYAD REGIME 187 tyrant and shedder of blood'.5 Exemplary punishments could be inflicted. The heads of defeated rebels we ...

188 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN abortive rising against 'Abd aI-Rahman I in 758-9, also joined them. These garrison cities in the march ...

THE UMAYYAD REGIME 189 Pamplona and was murdered by the citizens in 799. This did not stop the Banu Qasi from allying later with ...

190 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN put down the first Banu Qasl revolt in the name of Al-J:Iakam I, was soon suspected of conspiring with ...

THE UMAYYAD REGIME 191 troubles of the Umayyads -the bitter but localised civil wars between hostile elements of the population. ...

192 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN Slave-trading in early Medieval Europe is still much understudied, although it is clear that it did exi ...

THE UMA YYAD REGIME 193 in the ruins, notably at Granada, while some of the slave soldiers seized power in Valencia and Almeria. ...

194 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN task, as such piracy may well have been a valuable source of much- needed slaves. These then, in outlin ...

THE UMAYYAD REGIME 195 there are a number of very important features to be noticed in the accounts of the fighting found in the ...

196 EARLY MEDIEVAL SPAIN The Muslim rulers might have been unable to hold down con- quests in the difficult northern terrain, or ...