Justice among Nations. A History of International Law - Stephen C. Neff

168 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) In itself, seeing the right of survival, or security, as a primary natural-law right ...

Putting Nature and Nations Asunder 169 Hobbes, “is one person, whose will, by the compact of many men, is to be received for the ...

170 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) from above, either from the precepts of a rich body of natural law or (as the case ma ...

Putting Nature and Nations Asunder 171 element of free will. Th e law of nations, in contrast, was a man- made arti- fi ce, a pr ...

172 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) diplomat and state counselor and also held a professorship in the law of na- ture and ...

Putting Nature and Nations Asunder 173 or “the eff ect... actually produced” by the law, it could be called public be- cause it ...

174 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) Two notes of caution about the naturalist school are necessary at the outset. Th e fi ...

Putting Nature and Nations Asunder 175 Spinoza, however, was exceptional in his agreement with Hobbes’s rejec- tion of natural s ...

176 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) Th oroughly in the naturalist spirit, Pufendorf insisted strongly on the absolute in ...

Putting Nature and Nations Asunder 177 maintained, “if he expressly declares that he is not willing to be bound by them, and tha ...

178 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) “is positive [i.e., man- made] only in the manner of applying it, and is natural as t ...

chapter five Of Spiders and Bees F rancis Bacon, the En glish lawyer, phi los o pher, and essayist, had a delightful way with wo ...

180 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) It should be added that international law would also have its ants— those who held in ...

Of Spiders and Bees 181 At the opposite end of the spectrum is the bottom- up, or emergent, strat- egy of order. Here, rules are ...

182 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) (at least for the most part) voluntarily adhered to. A person who rejected that thesi ...

Of Spiders and Bees 183 most impressive of the grand systems of natural law— including rules on relations between states, but by ...

184 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) It was in his fi nal years at Halle that Wolff toiled on a great summa of natural law ...

Of Spiders and Bees 185 manner of a geometric demonstration. Wolff also maintained, though somewhat vaguely, that the rules of n ...

186 Reason and Its Rivals (ca. 1550– 1815) reason that the voluntary law is needed at all, Wolff stated, is because of “the perv ...

Of Spiders and Bees 187 of the individual states that comprise it. States that do not wish to belong to it are to be regarded as ...