Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

Black Prince. After an uphill charge through continuous English archery fire, with their lines confused and in disarray, these k ...

people (murder, assault). The means of proof was rational (largely testimony), and punishment included execution, imprisonment, ...

ceased in spring 1213; he is a relatively impartial though dry reporter of events. Approving of the crusade, condemning the here ...

Improvements to the release mechanism and to the bolt also added to the efficiency of the weapon. By the early 13th century, cas ...

century and one from the 15th. The latter has been published as the Geste du Chevalier au Cygne. The Second Crusade Cycle, elabo ...

existence or that of his poem, it is preferable to consider the Crusade epics as the products of a later period. They reflect no ...

CRUSADE SONGS/CHANSONS DE CROISADE . The twenty-nine extant French crusade songs span the hundred years of the Second to Seventh ...

more careful approaches to assessment of the artistic practices and products in the Latin Kingdom. This article will raise the q ...

elements, or to a melange of workers of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In these media, Latin or Greek inscriptions offer clues to t ...

of the columns as votive paintings. Named in Latin, Greek, or both, these figures most immediately illustrate the significance a ...

Goss, Vladimir P., and Christine Verzàr Bornstein, eds. The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West Durin ...

These were highly emotive, popular demonstrations, in which bishops paraded the relics of local saints, led prayers for peace, a ...

The Second Crusade (1147–49) was a fiasco. The fall of Edessa to the Mosul-based Turkish warlord ‘Imad ad-Din Zengi raised fears ...

the defeat of his entire army at Mansourah and in Louis’s own capture by the forces of the Egyptian sultan. After his ransom, Lo ...

Joinville and Villehardouin. Chronicles of the Crusades, trans. Margaret R.B.Shaw. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963. [Provides two v ...

CURIA REGIS . Although most commonly used for courts of the Norman kings of England, the Latin term curia ac quired a general us ...

declined, however, and soon there were many different coinages from the mints of kings, lords, and bishops. While all used the s ...

later terminology) long remained the standard for “strong” money. Weakening the coinage, which had the effect of increasing the ...

Bridrey, Émile. La théorie de la monnaie au XIVe siècle: Nicole Oresme; étude d’histoire des doctrines et des faits économiques. ...

on several other occasions, only to be revived with modifications when the absence of this export tax encouraged evasion of the ...