The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the 13th and 14th Centuries

70 chapter three toward the fertile crescent. in this they resembled their kinsmen to the north, whose ambitions took them in th ...

the disintegration of the empire 71 took the defeat to heart and set out to prove that it was a mere bump in the road: he was qu ...

72 chapter three the armenian kingdom that met little resistance.53 the destruction was so great that the kingdom of cilicia nev ...

the disintegration of the empire 73 an imagined threat that provoked a commensurate response from the mamluks.59 for the sultan, ...

74 chapter three 1275 showed that the ilkhans were in no position to protect their loyal but distant vassals. seen in the starke ...

the disintegration of the empire 75 death, the policy which hülegü had initiated two decades earlier ended in utter ruin: the de ...

76 chapter three gain, such as it was, could not even begin to outweigh the outright losses incurred by the persian mongols in t ...

the disintegration of the empire 77 which the conquerors would have had to rebuild at their own expense.75 this calculation is o ...

78 chapter three the crusading impulse was still suffering from the setbacks of preceding years, and was fading fast at the cour ...

the disintegration of the empire 79 the mamluks had subjected cilician armenia when the kingdom surren- dered to cairo in 1285. ...

80 chapter three fact that the decision to join the war, risky in any circumstances, was taken by eminently experienced statesme ...

the disintegration of the empire 81 however valuable, a single strategic base seems not to have been enough for Benedetto Zaccar ...

82 chapter three this restoration of the status ante quo in 1288–1289 seemed unassail- able, since it was backed up by the overw ...

the disintegration of the empire 83 in the winter of 1289/90 the inhabitants of Baghdad were surprised to see an unprecedented n ...

84 chapter three consequently, by the end of winter 1289/90 at the latest, the Baghdad- aden project had become a crucial matter ...

the disintegration of the empire 85 political condition which the sultan demanded in exchange for granting the genoese request.1 ...

86 chapter three in a desperate state.115 the government of genoa likewise unflinchingly cut away the cypriot arm of admiral Zac ...

the disintegration of the empire 87 the men of the republic thus appeared to have exhausted all moral and practical means to add ...

88 chapter three from the beginning, a number of factors argued for circumventing the mamluk barrier by the Black sea, arguments ...

the disintegration of the empire 89 asiatic trade. for this reason, their overwhelming political priority in the thirteenth and ...