Historical Dictionary of United States Intelligence

General Smith also adopted the recommendations of an early 1949 re- port to the National Security Council (NSC) by a commission ...

Central Intelligence Group (CIG), America’s first post–World War IIcentral intelligence processing organization. DCI Souers serv ...

Party controlled all levels of government, the party’s politburo effec- tively ruled the country, and its general secretary was ...

Soviet war scare. Soviet leaders became very skittish after the an- nouncement, which may have contributed to the erroneous shoo ...

vana, Cuba, enabling the ONI to read Spain’s war plans, an operation credited with the American win. In addition, American milit ...

SPECIAL GROUP (COUNTERINSURGENCY).Established on 18 January 1962 by National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM) 124, the Special ...

SNIEs usually look into the immediate future, defined as up to two months ahead. However, they do go through the same production ...

Space Administration (NASA) and then beginning to develop the first of the photographic intelligence (PHOTINT) satellites, CORON ...

STAR GATE (OPERATION).From 1972 until the mid-1990s, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and some other agencies of the U.S. g ...

were initiated on 17 November 1969. The first round of talks, alter- nating between Helsinki and Vienna, produced a set of agree ...

buildup in order to maintain the high STARTII ceilings. Presidents William J. Clintonand Boris Yeltsin also agreed to negotiate ...

to penetrate and destroy nonstate groups, such as terroristorganiza- tions, that pose threats to U.S. global interests. In a mem ...

2 June 1954 and took sanctuary in the Mexican Embassy. Following the coup, the CIAundertook a follow-up covert action, Operation ...

encountered operational problems from the beginning. In the late 1960s, some B-52 bomber airplanes were modified to serve as lau ...

tral Mexico, displayed better intelligence sense and organized a crude but effective secret service known as the Mexican Spy Com ...

result of internal debate and discussion among all points of view. See alsoESTIMATIVE INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS; RED C ...

TERRORISM. The numerous definitions of terrorism generally agree that it involves the threat or use of violence, often against t ...

fact that some governments are heavily involved in sponsoring terror- ism for their own purposes. Furthermore, states tend to de ...

has been tenuous at best and totally unconvincing to a majority of U.S. allies, who have refused to cooperate with Washington in ...

investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. First elected to the Senate in 1961, John Tower spent most of his career in the Senate. In ...