Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais

112 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY sidiary income just when it was becoming impossible to do so because the state was using cotton product ...

POST-IMJlN DEVELOPMENTS 113 Yu W6ndong has argued that an economic transformation began around the seventeenth century as mercha ...

I14 EARLY CHOSON DYNASTY landlords with their flocks of sharecropper and slave cultivators coexisted with smallholders tending e ...

PART II Social Reform: Yangban and Slaves: Introduction Yu Hyongwon's magnum opus, the Pan 'gye surok, was a monstrous treatise ...

II6 SOCIAL REFORM pure meritocracy and absolute equality in the opportunities for advancement. Instead his goal was to attempt t ...

PART II INTRODUCTION II? of its members were able to maintain their status over generations, most of them did not. It was at thi ...

1I8 SOCIAL REFORM government. Many of their sons, however, were taking the civil service exam- inations as a means of gaining hi ...

PART II INTRODUCTION 119 or slave society. By that time the power of the slaveowners and the practice of chattel slavery had bee ...

120 SOCIAL REFORM thought of the entire post -Chou period as one of permanent imperfection, but with much leeway for tinkering a ...

PART II INTRODUCTION 121 mention at all of the late Ming and early Ch'ing statecraft writers like Ku Yen- wu and Huang Tsung-hsi ...

CHAPTER 4 Remolding the Ruling Class through Education and Schools "Whatever the ancients practiced is the best, and whatever th ...

REMOLDING THE RULING CLASS 123 avaricious rulers by changing or confusing ancient laws to satisfy a ruler's desires. As a matter ...

124 SOCIAL REFORM always had the potential for recovery. Those who followed the utilitarian pro- clivity for reform within the C ...

REMOLDING THE RULING CLASS 125 him devote himself seriously to spreading these teachings. And he saw to it that these teachings ...

126 SOCIAL REFORM caliber. By the ninth year, "they would know how to distinguish between the cat- egories of things, thoroughly ...

REMOLDING THE RULING CLASS 127 stration of the crucial relationship between education, the recruitment of offi- cials, and the f ...

128 SOCIAL REFORM annual basis. And a subcommentary by a Mr. Ch'eng noted that there was also a quota system based on the size o ...

REMOLDING THE RULING CLASS 129 however, was less physical than social - demotion from the ranks of the privi- leged scholar cate ...

130 SOCIA L REFORM gained easier access to the highest level of the educational system and high office in the bureaucracy. Yet w ...

REMOLDING THE RULING CLASS I3I subjected to triennial reviews of their performance and a grand review every nine years. Presumab ...