God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1. The Origins to 1795
130 ANTEMURALE must be regarded as an exception in every way. In his early years he had served Stefan Batory in the Transylvania ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 131 The Catholic Reformation was bound to take these circumstances into con- sideration. Although the ...
132 ANTEMURALE Repressive measures, such as the expulsion of the Arians in 1658, were under- taken for political rather than for ...
Map 10. Ecclesiastical Dioceses, (17th Century) ...
134 ANTEMURALE followed the stations of the Cross, were founded by pious noblemen. The elabor- ate Baroque shrine of Kalwaria Ze ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 135 The ceremonial Coronation of the Matka Boska at Czestochowa as 'Queen of Poland' in 1717, the yea ...
136 ANTEMURALE by the exarch Cyril Terlecki, and by Hipation Potij, formerly Castellan and now Bishop of Brest, they addressed a ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 137 Potock, Josaphat Kuncewicz was murdered. Archbishop Kuncewicz was no man of peace, and had been i ...
(^138) ANTEMURALE when the Truce of Andrusovo brought the whole left-bank Ukraine under per- manent Muscovite control, the Tsar ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 139 were divided among themselves. In 1562, a long-standing dispute between the conservatives and the ...
Map II. Reformation Centres in Poland-Lithuania ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 141 Lutherans, the students ordered the burghers to kneel in the street. On 17 July, a full-scale rio ...
142 ANTEMURALE Constitutions of the Diet of Poland and Lithuania in 1724'; and with the entire correspondence of the King of Pru ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 143 bypassing the influence of Catholic and Orthodox clergy. Soon after its appear- ance in the mid-s ...
144 ANTEMURALE as the 'Sarmatian Athens', pioneered the teaching of those secular subjects such as mathematics, natural sciences ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 145 society at large, denying all allegiance to the state and observing the rules of manual labour, c ...
146 ANTEMURALE Toleration — Vindiciae pro religionis libertate (Justifications for the Liberty of Religion, 1639) - should be wr ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 147 were severed as a mark of desecration. Lastly, for the good of his everlasting soul, his remains ...
(^148) ANTEMURALE tombstones and memorials can be seen to this day; the Protestants made either for Danzig or Thorn, or for Calv ...
THE BULWARK OF CHRISTENDOM 149 were brought to Lithuania from the Crimea in the fifteenth century by Grand Duke Witold, and sett ...
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