God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1. The Origins to 1795
170 SZLACHTA Nevertheless, the economic divisions of the Nobility largely reflected their possession of land. There was no forma ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 171 Economic strata within the Noble Estate (Szlachta) Diagram J. Economic strata within the Noble Estat ...
172 SZLACHTA ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 173 o c B JS U a. ...
174 SZLACHTA conversion of the Grand Duchy in 1387, had amassed, by the eighteenth century, some 600 villages. A number of churc ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 175 leaving the home estate in the hands of the youngest son on the death of his par- ents. In consequen ...
176 SZLACHTA four secretaries, four sewers, twenty chamberlains, and sixty senior clients. In addition, there would have been a ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 177 Wyczanski, who has reconstructed a theoretical model of these middling estates from the juridical re ...
178 SZLACHTA between them. The fertile birth-rate of Mazowsze together with the infertile soil led to constant division and incr ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 179 As Matthias ruled over the Dobrzynskis, so his house standing between the tavern and the church domi ...
(^180) SZLACHTA from the district. Despite abundant evidence to the contrary, his lawyers argued that the men of Sielun did not ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 181 Balsam, when added to tar, ceases to be balsam but turns to tar; and tares, though sown in the fines ...
182 SZLACHTA peasants. A noseless, legless, or armless peasant was thought to be worth one- tenth of a nobleman who had met with ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 183 Yet if you should ask a Polander what he is he would tell you he is a gentleman of Poland; and so mu ...
184 SZLACHTA were plenty of Germans, and a steady stream of Irish and Scots. The latter, like Jakub Butler (1617), 'Henry de Gor ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 185 mutual respect and submission. Children greeted their parents kneeling - sons on one knee, daughters ...
186 SZLACHTA for the local community was strong, and for the national community weak. In con- ditions of deepening economic regr ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 187 Social harmony was an essential ingredient of the nobleman's idyll. The fre- quent protestations of ...
(^188) SZLACHTA impositions and punishments. The lash and the knout were the accepted sym- bols of noble authority. The serfs we ...
THE NOBLEMAN'S PARADISE 189 dependants. 'The cattle live like people', he wrote, 'and the common people like cattle.' The charge ...
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