Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation

to question the value assigned to final causes. “Research into final causes,” Bacon asserted, “like a virgin dedicated to God is ...

Arminianism A moderate reformed theology named after the Dutch theologian Jacob Arminius (1560–1609). With its insistence upon f ...

produce in metal the puffed and slashed garments of con- temporary civilian fashion, even down to simulation of the stitching. F ...

treatments of Arthurian legend with his prose Morte Darthur, written in the mid-15th century, when the age of chivalry (if it ha ...

Askew, Anne (Anne Kyme) (1520–1546) English Protestant writer and martyr Daughter of a wealthy Lincolnshire landowner, she was w ...

Liber astronomicus served as the leading textbook of the early Renaissance. It was in fact Bonatti who was chosen by DANTEto rep ...

lated by Kepler. The second law tackled the problem of why planets move around the sun with varying speed by declaring that a ra ...

Roman Catholic states were to be allowed to maintain their form of worship, and all ecclesiastical lands secular- ized by the Lu ...

handling papal business. The Avignon popes, particularly John XXII (pope 1316–34), were highly effective in reor- ganizing their ...

Babylonian Captivity The phrase adopted to describe the period 1305–78 when the papal seat was at Avignon instead of Rome. The a ...

and the nephew of Lord Burghley, both political advisers to Elizabeth I. After studying law at Cambridge Bacon began his own pol ...

Baglioni family A powerful and wealthy Umbrian family, notorious in the Renaissance for its crimes. The Baglioni gained their we ...

nessed by his authorship of Opusculum epigrammatum (1494), a collection of inflammatory epigrams. Balboa, Vasco Nuñes de (c. 147 ...

the marriage of her daughter, and the fashion for hugely expensive and spectacular shows of this nature continued in the reigns ...

GER FAMILYof Augsburg, who had built their fortune in the silver and copper mines of Slovakia, the Welsers, also of Augsburg, an ...

were recited to a musical accompaniment and their at- tempts to recreate these conditions resulted in the first op- eras. Notabl ...

counter the claims of the Lutheran CENTURIATORS OF MAGDEBURG. Although poorly arranged, dull, and inaccu- rate, this work has lo ...

BELAIS. His biographies of two dukes of Orleans, Charles the poet (1394–1465) and his son, later King LOUIS XII, have survived i ...

large rustic genre scenes that he produced after 1565 were also innovatory. Bassano’s four sons included the paint- ers Francesc ...

medicine, theology, and literature. She translated various religious texts from French, including The Mirroure of Golde for the ...