Everything Life Sciences Grade 10

Figure 7.2: The animal depicted above is an Echinoderm - a starfish - which uses its tube feet for movement. Advantages of a hyd ...

by calcium carbonate. There are muscles attached to the inside of the exoskeleton which provides the resistance needed for muscl ...

Endoskeleton DUMMY Endoskeleton This skeleton is found inside the body and can consist of bone (all vertebrates except sharks) o ...

Figure 7.4: Diagram showing an overview of the main skeletal features of the human skeleton. 196 7.3. Human skeleton ...

Figure 7.5: There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton, which can be ’grouped’ into different categories. Axial skeleton DU ...

FACT A few interesting facts about the human skeleton: Humans have seven neck bones - the same as giraffes. The strongest and l ...

Figure 7.8: Cervical region of the skeleton is highlighted in red. Thethoracic region(chest) consists of 12 vertebrae, which eac ...

FACT In a newborn baby the entire vertebral column curves backwards probably because of the confines of the uterus. Initially a ...

Appendicular skeleton DUMMY The appendicular skeleton consists of thepectoral girdlewith thearmsand thepelvic girdle with theleg ...

joint. The wrist consists of 8 smallcarpal bonesarranged in two rows of four. The palm of the hand consists of 5metacarpalbones. ...

FACT The female pelvic girdle is wider and lighter than the male. This is an adaptation to allow for pregnancy and childbirth. F ...

Figure 7.15: Bones of lower extremity. Functions of skeleton DUMMY The human skeleton is living and performs many functions in t ...

Figure 7.16: Parts of a long bone. Epiphysis: The head of each end of a long bone consists largely of spongy bone and is covered ...

Investigation: Optional Investigation: Investigating organic and inorganic components of bones Aim: Experiment A: Remove the ino ...

Roast the bone strongly for 10 minutes. Roasting will burn off the organic component of bone (mainly the protein collagen) leav ...

FACT Apart from osteocytes which are embedded in the lacunae of bone there are two other types of bone cells. Osteoblasts: Bone ...

the perichondrium. It consists of living cells called chondrocytes which secrete a rubbery protein matrix called chondrin. Chond ...

Figure 7.18: Example of a synovial joint. There are a number of different types of synovial joints. The four main types of synov ...

FACT Thebiceps brachii muscle gets its name from being a two-headed muscle, attaching to the scapula at two points. Although it ...

FACT WATCH:The mechanics of the antagonism within the biceps and triceps. See video: SHORTCODEat http://www.everythingscience.co ...