Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History

with its corkscrew curls punched out using a drill instead of a chisel, creates a dense mass of light and shadow set off boldly ...

bare-chested youth who is probably a personification of Honor (Honos). A female personification of Valor (Virtus) leads the hors ...

TIMGADIn 100 CE, Trajan founded a new colony for army veter- ans at Timgad, ancient Thamugadi (FIG. 10-42), in what is today Alg ...

tect was Apollodorus of Damascus,Trajan’s chief military engi- neer during the Dacian Wars. Apollodorus’s plan incorporated the ...

MARKETS OF TRAJANOn the Quirinal Hill overlooking the forum, Apollodorus built the Markets of Trajan (FIGS. 10-2,no. 8, and 10-4 ...

divinities, and on the arch’s attic (which may have been completed after his death and deification), Jupiter hands his thunderbo ...

10-50Restored cutaway view (left) and lateral section (right) of the Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 118–125 ce(John Burge). The Pantheon ...

shaped by the enclosures. The Pantheon’s interior is a single unified, self-sufficient whole, uninterrupted by supporting solids ...

AL-KHAZNEH, PETRAAn even more extreme example of what many scholars have called Roman “baroque” architecture (be- cause of the s ...

Another strikingly modern feature of these multifamily resi- dences is their brick facades, which were not concealed by stucco o ...

The Antonines Early in 138 CE, Hadrian adopted the 51-year-old Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 CE). At the same time, he required tha ...

farewell to the couple being lifted into the realm of the gods on the wings of a personification of uncertain identity. All this ...

(FIG. 10-60) now in Cleveland, one of many decorated with the story of the tragic Greek hero Orestes. All the examples of this t ...

attests to the vibrant export market for such luxury items in Anto- nine times. The decoration of all four sides of the marble b ...

differing shape and character. In an empire as vast as Rome’s, re- gional differences are to be expected. As will be discussed l ...

incisions into the marble surface. More remarkable, however, is the moving characterization of Caracalla’s suspicious nature, a ...

erected with imperial funds to win the public’s favor. Made of brick- faced concrete and covered by enormous vaults springing fr ...

10-68Portrait bust of Trajan Decius, 249–251 ce.Marble, full bust 2  7 high. Musei Capitolini, Rome. This portrait of a short- ...

decorated on the front with a chaotic scene of battle between Romans and one of their northern foes, probably the Goths. The scu ...

TETRARCHIC PORTRAITURE The four tetrarchs often were portrayed together, both on coins and in the round. Artists did not try to ...