A Concise History of the Middle East

446 • 21 THE WAR ON TERRORISM Israel's preoccupation with security emanates from the Jewish preoccupa¬ tion with survival, alway ...

A Parting Message • 447 ! yvtsn. TelAvi\^ BANKft Amman erusalem^^1 ' ISRAEL ; JORDAN Dhahran|\ ^ C'"^ L)ubai^ straits of Hormuz ...

448 • 21 THE WAR ON TERRORISM You can go on learning about their cultures as well as your own—not with a childish desire to prov ...

Chronology 570 Muhammad born; Ethiopians invade western Arabia 603-628 War between Byzantine Empire and Sasanid Persia 610 First ...

450 • Chronology 651 Death of last Sasanid shah completes Arab conquest of Persia 653 Uthman establishes standard version of the ...

Chronology • 451 813-833 Caliphate of al-Mamun, who courts Shi'i support, founds Bayt al-Hikma, sponsors translation of ancient ...

452 • Chronology 1171-1250 Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt (1174-1260 in Syria) 1180-1225 Brief revival of Abbasid caliphate 1187 Salah ...

Chronology • 453 1396 Ottomans defeat Crusaders at Nicopolis 1397-1398 Bayezid takes Konya and rest of Muslim Anatolia 1400-1401 ...

454 • Chronology 1718 Passarowitz treaty, Ottomans ceding some Balkan lands 1722 Afghans invade Persia, weakening Safavid dynast ...

Chronology • 455 1831 Ibrahim, son of Mehmet Ali, invades Syria 1833 Hunkar-Iskelesi treaty lets Russian warships pass through S ...

456 • Chronology 1878 San Stefano treaty sets up large Bulgaria; Ottoman constitution suspended; Berlin treaty reduces Bulgaria' ...

Chronology • 457 1910 Albanian revolt against Ottoman rule 1911 Russian pressure foils financial reforms in Persia; Italians inv ...

458 • Chronology 1925-1941 Reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi in Persia, renamed Iran 1928-1929 Wailing Wall Incident; Arab rebellion in ...

Chronology • 459 1951 Mosaddiq nationalizes Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; Egypt renounces its 1936 treaty with Britain; Abdallah is ...

460 Chronology 1969 Yasir Arafat elected PLO head; Nasir declares War of Attrition against Israel; Qadhafi leads coup in Libya 1 ...

Chronology • 461 1980 US diplomatic pressure and military rescue attempt fail to release American hostages in Iran; shah dies in ...

462 • Chronology 598, calling for end to Iran-Iraq War; more US citizens kidnapped in Lebanon; Palestinian intifada breaks out i ...

Chronology • 463 1994 PLO-Israel talks over terms for troop withdrawals, elections, and Jewish settlements in occupied lands; Ar ...

464 • Chronology to capture Osama bin Laden, who evades capture and issues defiant videotaped messages 2002 Pursuing his "War on ...

Chronology • 465 2005 Palestinians choose Mahmud Abbas to succeed Arafat in 9 January presidential election; Sharon offers to ev ...