A Concise History of the Middle East

346 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE ounce of gold rose more than five times between 1970 and 1978. Are the oil-exporting states ...

Danger Signs in the Middle East • 347 influence on their Jewish (and, in some cases, evangelical Christian) con¬ stituents. No A ...

348 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE about Jewish settlements and development towns in the Sinai, especially near the Gaza Strip ...

The October (Yom Kippur) War • 349 THE OCTOBER (YOM KIPPUR) WAR The war's outbreak was signaled by a massive Egyptian air and ar ...

350 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE During the first week of fighting, the Israelis concentrated their forces in the north, fea ...

The October (Yom Kippur) War • 351 raised oil prices by as much as 50 percent. Then the Arab states (but not Iran) agreed to put ...

352 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE THE WAR'S AFTERMATH The June 1967 war had destroyed whatever influence the US had in Egypt ...

The War's Aftermath 353 ..Beirut Israeli territorial gains (1973) Egyptian territorial gains (1973) ••• 1967 cease-fire lines -- ...

354 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE been. It turned out that AIPAC, the pro-Zionist lobby, prevented the US government from pre ...

The War's Aftermath • 355 world, and many buyers accused the oil companies of withholding sup¬ plies to raise prices charged to ...

356 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE granted the PLO observer status at the UN. Meanwhile, the United Nations Educational, Socia ...

Lebanon: The Arena for a New Arab Struggle • 357 leader could stop Sadat's (unacknowledged) march toward a separate peace with I ...

358 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE Anwar al-Sadat A nwar al-Sadat (1918-1981) was born into a family of thirteen children in t ...

Lebanon: The Arena for a New Arab Struggle ••• 359 after 1948, but not the Palestinian Muslims who helped to create a Muslim maj ...

360 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE The two main Lebanese parties to the conflict were the Phalanges, a long- lived and largely ...

The Road to Camp David • 361 foretaste of larger invasions to come, Israeli forces in 1976 entered southern Lebanon to destroy P ...

362 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE Policy Problems New snags soon appeared. Israel was intensely suspicious of any conference ...

The Road to Camp David • 363 receive the Egyptian president at any time. Arrangements were made hastily, and on 19 November 1977 ...

364 • 18 WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE constant calls to military reserve duty, and ceaseless tension. Some Arabs, too, had gone a ...

Conclusion ••• 365 talks, and threatened reprisals if it signed a treaty. Hard-line Israelis warned that they would block any pu ...