A Concise History of the Middle East

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Glossary Abadan (ah-ba-DAHN): Iran's main oil refinery Abbas, Mahmud (ab-BASS, mah-MOOD): Palestinian prime minister (2003) and ...

468 • Glossary al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din (el-af-GHAW-nee, je-MAWL ed-DEEN): Influential pan-Islamic agitator and reformer (d. 189 ...

Glossary • 469 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty: 1936 pact defining Britain's military position in Egypt, denounced by Egypt in 1951, and o ...

470 • Glossary Armenia: (1) Mountainous region of eastern Anatolia; (2) kingdom of the Arme¬ nians, conquered by the Turks in th ...

Glossary • 471 al-Barudi, Mahmud Sami (el-ba-ROO-dee, mah-MOOD SA-mee): Egyptian na¬ tionalist prime minister (1882) Basra (BOSS ...

472 • Glossary Bunche, Ralph: US diplomat and UN mediator in Palestine (1948-1949) Bursa: City in northwestern Anatolia, early O ...

Glossary • 473 Constitutionalists: Persons who believe that governments should uphold a set of basic laws limiting the rulers' p ...

474 • Glossary Dinshaway Incident (den-sha-WYE): British atrocity against Egyptian peasants (1906) diwan (dee-WAHN): (1) List of ...

Glossary • 475 Fatimid dynasty: Arab family of Isma'ili Shi'is claiming descent from Ali and Fa- tima, ruling North Africa (909- ...

476 • Glossary Ghassanids: pre-Islamic tribe that converted to Christianity and was allied with the Roman Empire between the fif ...

Glossary • 477 hadith (ha-DEETH): A statement, documented by a chain of reliable witnesses, concerning a saying or action of Muh ...

478 • Glossary Hermon (hair-MOAN): Mountain in southwestern Syria, partly occupied by Israel since 1967; site of heavy righting ...

Glossary • 479 Ibrahim (ib-rah-HEEM): Mehmet Ali's son, conqueror and governor of Syria (1832-1840), also viceroy of Egypt (1848 ...

480 • Glossary Islamist: Pertaining to any person or group advocating government according to strict Muslim principles Isma'il ( ...

Glossary • 481 jizya (JIZ-ya): Per capita tax paid by non-Muslim males living under Muslim rule up to the nineteenth century Jor ...

482 • Glossary Kharijite (KHA-re-jite): "Seceder" who opposed Ali after he accepted arbitration of the Battle of Siffin (657) an ...

Glossary • 483 Kurdistan: Autonomous state projected by Treaty of Sèvres (1920) and still de¬ sired by many Kurdish nationalists ...

484 • Glossary mandate: (1) Commission given by the League of Nations to a Western power to prepare a former territory of German ...

Glossary • 485 Midhat (mit-HOT): Ottoman liberal reformer (d. 1884) millet (mil-LET): Ottoman political-social community based o ...