The Russian Empire 1450–1801

military power (Peter-Paul Fortress), naval power and shipbuilding (Admiralty), orderly government (Twelve Colleges), practical ...

Official odists celebrating accessions, name days, and military victories clothed Empresses Anna, Elizabeth, and Catherine in a ...

naval victory at Chesme in 1770, for example, shows Peter I admiring from the clouds while Turkish captives placeflags at the fo ...

but rule through display was a precept of absolutist rule across Europe. Gendered clichés about Russia’s female rulers, which st ...

monarchs did, and she kept them, as John Alexander has detailed, at arm’s length from power. But contemporary English and French ...

to legality; they maintained the politics of difference towards imperial subjects and continued to play the role of just judge. ...

1533 – 8, Sofiia Alekseevna 1682–9), dynastic women exercised real power. Even during their husbands’lives, tsars’wives ruled ov ...

granddaughter of Ioann, Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg, who was not even engaged or married at the time. When Empress Anna died ...

manifestos justifying her accession as a choice of the people over her husband’s tyranny and oligarchy; she declared herself hei ...

Catherine worked in the last decades of her reign to depict herself, and the Russia she ruled, as a civilized, European state. T ...

to fear him as unpredictable, prone to irrational fits of rage, and capable of undermining traditional privileges and status of ...

end of the eighteenth century did classicism come to Kazan, aided by a 1765fire that opened opportunity for Catherinian urban pl ...

exhibited an ornate Ukrainian baroque, as in the Church of Sts. Zacharias and Elizabeth (1757–76), perpetuating seventeenth-cent ...

seventeenth-century baroque. The cartouche ornament that had developed in Tot’ma and Solikamsk in the seventeenth century travel ...

churches erected by merchants, monasteries, and parishioners. The Church of the Elevation of the Cross (1764–7; Figure 13.9) ere ...

included suburban gardens commissioned by Peter I in French style and the transformation of a Lutheran church in the city fortre ...

architecturally with construction by wealthy monasteries, burgers, Cossack elites, demonstrating various shades of baroque acros ...

Figure 13.11St Petersburg’s imperial baroque is exemplified in this graceful Church of St. Andrew (built 1747–54) in Kyiv, by Ba ...

In its building policy towards Crimea, envisioned together by Catherine and Potemkin, the garden was a dominant motif, as it was ...

never granting constitutional institutions or rights overfiscal, legislative, or execu- tive power. The image of autocracy expan ...