Introduction to Cosmology

Weak Field Limit 61 does not have a source, it is its own source. The only source of energy in the Einstein Equation (3.26) is m ...

62 General Relativity (spatial) velocity components d푥푖∕d휏are negligible compared with d푥^0 ∕d휏=푐d푡∕d휏, Equation (3.14) reduces ...

Weak Field Limit 63 The left-hand side of Equation (3.42) is not covariant, but it does contain second derivatives of the metric ...

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4 Tests of General Relativity Before we proceed to construct a theory for a possible description of the Universe we should take ...

66 Tests of General Relativity many-body problem of the Solar System, a task which one can readily characterize as impossible. A ...

Binary Pulsars 67 Timekeeping in Gravitational Fields. The third classical test was the gravitational shift of atomic spectra, f ...

68 Tests of General Relativity J. H. Taylor, for which they received the Nobel Prize in 1993, is a neutron star–neutron star pai ...

Gravitational Lensing 69 A more recently discovered millisecond pulsar is PSR J0337+1715, a hierarchi- cal triple system with tw ...

70 Tests of General Relativity Observer plane Strong lensing Weak lensing DS DL DLS θI θS αg θI* Lens plane Source plane Figure ...

Gravitational Lensing 71 98 ′′± 0. 12 ′′at Sobral and 1. 61 ′′± 0. 30 ′′at Principe. This confirmed the predicted value of 1. 7 ...

72 Tests of General Relativity Equation (4.4) we have 훼g(푀b,휃I)= 4 퐺푀b 푐^2 휃I퐷LS . (4.7) Equation (4.5) is the fundamental lensi ...

Gravitational Lensing 73 different sheets of the same wavefront. In principle, the time delays in Equation (4.3) provides a tool ...

74 Tests of General Relativity The ray-tracing process mapping a single source into its image can be expressed by the Jacobian m ...

Gravitational Waves 75 When gravitational waves travel through space-time they produce ripples of cur- vature, an oscillatory st ...

76 Tests of General Relativity In a Newtonian approximation the strength of the waves from a nonspherical body of mass푀, oscilla ...

Gravitational Waves 77 L 2 L 2 Mirror Mirrors Laser Photodiode Beam splitter R Mirror Figure 4.3 A schematic view of a LIGO-type ...

78 Tests of General Relativity Earth 1 AU Sun 1 ×^10 (^9) m 60 ° 20 ° Figure 4.4eLISA orbits in the Solar System [4]. Reproduced ...

Gravitational Waves 79 References [1] Kenyon, I. R. 1990General relativity. Oxford University Press, Oxford. [2] Will, C. M. 199 ...

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