Say Goodbye to Back Pain

Spine – Structure and Function My friend announced one day that his doctor had diagnosed his (my friend’s) condition as cervical ...

The vertebral column Vertebral groups The vertebrae are stacked on top of each other. They are grouped into five regions:  ^ 7 ...

Shape of the Spinal Column When looking at the spinal column from behind, it should be perfectly straight. When looking at the s ...

The spine thus has four natural curves. Two are lordotic – bending backwards – and two are kyphotic – bending forwards. The cerv ...

A typical vertebra Lamina – a thin semi-circle like arch of bone between the transverse and spinous processes Spinal canal – th ...

Facet joint (side view) Try to feel your spine with your fingers. You will feel knobbly bits all the way down your back. These a ...

vertebrae are attached to muscles by tendons. Tendons attach muscle to bone. Ligaments and tendons are fibrous connective tissue ...

Intervertebral Discs Between two vertebrae lies a gel-like cushion called an intervertebral disc. When you walk, or run, the dis ...

pain. The cracks or tears that develop within the annulus fibrosus can also become a source of pain. Back pain that is caused by ...

itself consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the ...

The spinal cord is surrounded by three layers of protective membranes called meninges. Of the three sets of membranes protecting ...

Intervertebral foramina (side view) Thirty-one pairs of nerve roots emerge from the spinal cord through these spaces. At each ve ...

Each vertebra has a hole in the middle (spinal canal) through which a large bundle of nerves – the spinal cord – passes. The spi ...

The muscles of the spine There are a vast number of muscles that act on the backbone. These help us to bend forward (flexion), b ...

 Abnormal posture   Improper and/ or excessive weight lifting  damage from further injured area Paraspinal muscles are thou ...

There are two groups of paraspinal muscles that act as extensors of the spine (bend it backwards) and are most often injured due ...

offer great strength to the lumbar area. The appearance is that of one common back muscle. Multifidus The multifidus muscle cons ...

The lower back, or lumbar spine, can be vulnerable to many pain-causing injuries or disorders because the lumbar vertebrae carry ...

Iliopsoas The Iliopsoas is actually composed of two muscle groups. The Psoas component (also known as the Psoas muscle) arises f ...

When this muscle group contracts, it pulls the body forwards and thereby prevents it from falling backwards. Summary The spinal ...