USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

NONSTRESS TEST The nonstress test (NST) assesses the frequency of fetal movements using an external fetal ...

Table I-12-1. Nonstress Test (NST) Reactive NST Criteria: ≥2 accelerations in 20 min: ↑ FHR ≥15 beats/min and l ...

AMNIOTIC FLUID ASSESSMENT In the third trimester, the volume of amniotic fluid is considered to largely reflect ...

BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE (BPP) A complete BPP measures five components of fetal well-being: NST, amniotic fluid ...

Figure I-12-1. Antepartum Electronic Fetal Monitor (EFM) Tracings ...

NOTE All EFM tracings should be evaluated for the NST and the CST. If a technically adequate FHR tracing is pre ...

CONTRACTION STRESS TEST The contraction stress test (CST) assesses the ability of the fetus to tolerate transito ...

Table I-12-2. Contraction Stress Test (CST) Negative CST No late decelerations are seen in the presence of 3 ...

UMBILICAL ARTERY DOPPLER This test measures the ratio of systolic and diastolic blood flow in the umbili ...

Figure I-12-4. Normal UA Diastolic Flow ...

Figure I-12-5. Absent UA Diastolic Flow ...

Figure I-12-6. Reversed Umbilical Artery Diastolic Flow ...

13 ...

FETAL ORIENTATION IN UTERO ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES List the possible fetal orientations in utero and their relation to potential complic ...

ORIENTATION IN UTERO Orientation of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the uterus. The most com ...

Figure I-13-2. Transverse Fetal Lie ...

PRESENTATION Portion of the fetus overlying the pelvic inlet. The most common presentation is cephalic (96% of ...

OB TRIAD Breech Presentations Figure I-13-3. Frank Breech Frank: thighs flexed, legs extended Complete: thighs and ...

Figure I-13-4. Complete Breech ...